The ppt is related to solid disposal techniques. And how to reduce waste and its hazardous effect on biosphere

1. SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PREPARED BY:
AELYA SHAH (36)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGG

2. WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
 It is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from combined
residential, industrial and commercial
activities.

4. WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT?
“Generation, prevention,
characterization, monitoring,
treatment, handling, reuse and
residual disposition of solid wastes".
 It is a system responsible for the handling all
garbage,
 Municipal waste collection,
 Recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators.

5. WHY SWM?
Economic –
Improving economic efficiency through the
means of resource use
 Treatment and disposal can lead to efficient
practices in the production and consumption of
products
 the potential for new jobs and new business
opportunities.
Social –
 Reduces the adverse impacts on health

6. Environmental –
 Reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on
the environmental
 minimizing resource extraction can provide
improved air and water quality
 Help in the reduction of greenhouse
emissions.
Inter-generational Equity –
 Provides subsequent generations a more
robust economy, a fairer and more inclusive
society and a cleaner environment

7. A number of processes involved
in effectively managing waste for
a municipality
These include:
 monitoring,
 collection,
 transport,
 processing,
 recycling and
 disposal.

9. SWM AND TREATMENT
METHODS:
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
 Thermal treatment
 Dumps and Land filling
 Biological waste treatment
 Integrated Solid Waste Management

10. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
There are many
environmental benefits
that can be derived from
the use of these
methods:
 They reduce or prevent
green house gas
emissions,
 reduce the release of
pollutants,
 conserve resources,
 save energy and
 reduce the demand for
waste treatment
technology and landfill
space.

11. Waste reduction and reuse
(methods of waste prevention)
Include:
 manufacturing products with less packaging,
 encouraging customers to bring their own reusable
bags for packaging,
 encouraging the public to choose reusable
products (cloth napkins reusable plastic & glass
containers)
 backyard composting etc

12. RECYCLING
 Recycling refers to the removal of items from the
waste stream to be used as raw materials in the
manufacture of new products.

13. Thermal treatment
This refers to processes that involve the use
of heat to treat waste.
Some commonly utilized thermal treatment
processes.
 Incineration
 Pyrolysis and Gasification
Open burning

14. INCINERATION
 It involves the combustion of organic waste for
recovering energy.
 Incineration of waste materials converts the
waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.
 This is the combustion of waste in the
presence of oxygen.
 This method may be used as a means of
recovering energy to be used in heating or the
supply of electricity.
 Combusting MSW in an incinerator does
reduce volume by up to 90% and weight by
75%

16. Pyrolysis and Gasification
They both
decompose organic
waste by exposing it
to high temperatures
and low amounts of
oxygen.
 It produce gas (often
termed syngas),
liquid (pyrolysis oil)
or solid (char, mainly
ash and carbon).

17. OPEN BURNING
It is the burning of
unwanted materials
in a manner that
causes smoke.
 Other emissions to
be released directly
into the air.
This includes the
burning of outdoor
piles.

18. Dumps and Landfills
Sanitary landfills :
 A landfill is a facility in which solid wastes are
disposed in a manner which limits their impact on
the environment.
 A sanitary landfill is engineered to minimize water
infiltration.
 This minimizes exposure to wind and rain
 MSW, landfills often hold construction and
demolition debris, municipal sludge, agricultural
wastes, combustion ash

19. SANITARY LAND FILL

20. Biological waste treatment
Composting
 It is the controlled
aerobic decomposition
of organic matter by the
action of micro
organisms.
 It creates an
environment favorable to
the naturally occurring
thermophilic (heat
loving) bacteria
 and fungi that break
down organic matter.
 In a period between four
and six months, green
waste is converted to
compost.

21. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
 Same as composting.
 Composting can use a variety of microbes and
must have air.
 Anaerobic digestion uses bacteria and an oxygen
free environment to decompose the waste.
 Also used as a method of producing biogas which
can be used to generate electricity.
 Optimal conditions for the process require nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
 It requires that the pH be maintained around 7.

22. Integrated Solid Waste
Management
 (ISWM) takes an overall approach to creating
sustainable systems that are
 economically affordable,
 socially acceptable and
 environmentally effective.

23. This system involves the use of
a range of different treatment
methods.

24. REFRENCES:
 http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20
management.pdf
 http://www.unep.org/ietc/Portals/136/SWM-Vol1-Part1-
Chapters1to3.pdf
 http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/CWG%20folde
r/conceptualframework.pdf
 Understanding environmental pollution marquita k hill 2nd
edition page 257-258
 http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/hierarchy.htm
 www.environment.gov.pk/PRO_PDF/.../Brief-SWM-
%20Pak.pd

25. THAnK-YOUUUU