African Language Families and their Structural Properties
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by Sonja Bosch
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African Language Families and their Structural Properties
- 1. African language families and their structural properties Sonja Bosch Department of African Languages University of South Africa [email_address] Workshop: Language Technologies for African Languages, EACL, Athens, Greece. March 31 2009.
- 6. Distribution of languages by area of origin http:// www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by =area#1 7,000 828,105 100.0 5,723,861,210 100.0 6,912 Totals 800 4,675 0.1 6,124,341 19.0 1,310 Pacific 220,000 6,294,532 26.3 1,504,393,183 3.5 239 Europe 10,171 1,538,077 61.0 3,489,897,147 32.8 2,269 Asia 2,000 47,464 0.8 47,559,381 14.5 1,002 Americas 25,391 323,082 11.8 675,887,158 30.3 2,092 Africa Median Mean % Count % Count Number of speakers Living languages Area
- 7. African Language Families http://encarta.msn.com/media_461520382_761565449_-1_1/African_Language_Families.html
- 25. 50 11. Noun “child” used productively to express diminutive meaning 82 10. Comparative construction [X is big/defeats/ surpasses/ passes Y] 40 9. Semantic polysemy ‘animal/meat’ 72 8. Semantic polysemy ‘hear/see/understand’ 74 7. Semantic polysemy ‘drink/pull/smoke’ 89 6. Nominal modifiers follow noun 76 5. Verbal derivational suffixes (pass, caus, appl. etc.) 39 4. ATR-based vowel harmony 80 3. Lexical or grammatical tones 36 2. Implosive stops 39 1. Labial-velar stops No. of languages with that property (from total of 99) Property used as criteria *RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 11 TYPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES
- 27. Recommended Reading Greenberg, J. H. The languages of Africa . Bloomington: Indiana University, 1963. Heine, B. & Nurse, D. 2000. African languages : an introduction. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press. Heine, B. & Nurse, D. 2008. A Linguistic Geography of Africa . Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press.