The introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse. The use of semen from a genetically superior male to inseminate a female resulting in a genetically superior offspring. The manual placement of semen in the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than natural mating.

1. ByBy Faisal A. AlshamiryFaisal A. AlshamiryByBy Faisal A. AlshamiryFaisal A. Alshamiry SupervisionSupervision: Ayman Swelum: Ayman SwelumSupervisionSupervision: Ayman Swelum: Ayman Swelum
Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination
&&
Embryo Transfer
A brief overview of
agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com

2. What is artificial insemination (What is artificial insemination (AIAI((??

3. • The introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some
means other than sexual intercourse.
• The use of semen from a genetically superior male toThe use of semen from a genetically superior male to
inseminate a female resulting in a genetically superior offspring.inseminate a female resulting in a genetically superior offspring.
• The manual placement of semen in the reproductive tract of the
female by a method other than natural mating.
@agrfaisal
IntroductionIntroduction

4. • It is one of a group of technologies commonly known as
“assisted reproduction technologies” (ARTART ), whereby offspring
are generated by facilitating the meeting of gametes
(spermatozoa and oocytes).
• AIAI is by far the most common method of breeding intensively
kept domestic livestock, It has also been used occasionally in
conservation breeding of rare or endangered species.
@agrfaisal

5. The advantages of AIThe advantages of AI
AIAI helps prevents the spread of infectious or contagious diseases, that can be
passed on when animals are in close contact or share the same environment;
The rate of genetic development and production gain can be increased, by using
semen from males of high genetic merit for superior females;
It enables breeding between animals in different geographic locations, or at
different times (even after the male´s death);
Breeding can occur in the event of physical, physiological or behavioral
abnormalities ;
AIAI is a powerful tool when linked to other reproductive biotechnologies such as
sperm cryopreservation, sperm sexing;
AIAI can be used in conservation of rare breeds or endangered species.
@agrfaisal

6. @agrfaisal

7. Pre-requisites for AIPre-requisites for AI
•Include a supply of semen,
•Reliable methods for oestrus detection in the female.
•Means of inserting the semen into the female reproductive tract.
♀♀ ♂♂
@agrfaisal
agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com

8. @agrfaisal

9. @agrfaisal

10. Embryo Transfer…?
What is an Embryo?
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11. • An embryo is an egg that has already been fertilized by
a sperm cell.
• It is an organism in the earliest stage of development.
@agrfaisal

12. Embryo Transfer (ET)?
• ET involves the removal of an embryo from a female of superior genetics and the
placement of the embryo into the reproductive tract of a female of average genetics.
What is the Goal of (ET)?
• The goal of ET is to obtain the maximum number of genetically superior embryos in a
minimum amount of time.
@agrfaisal
agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com

13. • Traditionally, cows produce only one calf per year. ET allows the production of many offspring within a
year from a single cow.
• ET can increase the genetic potential of a herd in a relatively short period of time.
• ET can increase milk production in dairy herds.
• ET can increase weaning weights in beef and dairy herds.
• ET allows other producers to take advantage of superior genetics
because frozen embryos can be shipped almost anywhere.
• ET preserves superior genetics for future generations due to embryo freezing.
Benefits of (ET)Benefits of (ET)
@agrfaisal

14. Equipment for Embryo TransferEquipment for Embryo Transfer
 Plastic media bag
 Foley catheter
 Embryo filter
 Microscope
 Straw
 Rod
 FSH
 Prostaglandin (Lutalyse)
 Penicillin
 Lidocaine
 Plastic Sleeve
 Bull Semen
 AGRFAISAL
@agrfaisal

15. @agrfaisal

16. Bull SelectionBull Selection
• Genetically Superior Bull
• Naturally & Good health status
• Free from infectious diseases
• Capable of pollination
and facilitates semen collection
@agrfaisal
@agrfaisal

17. @agrfaisal
@agrfaisal
agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com

18. @agrfaisal
agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com

19. The major criteria The major criteria
for evaluation include:for evaluation include:
EvaluationEvaluation
of the Embryosof the Embryos
Embryos are classified according to tEmbryos are classified according to t
hese subjective criteria as:hese subjective criteria as:
Grade 1Grade 1: Excellent or good
Grade 2Grade 2: Fair
Grade 3Grade 3: Poor
Grade 4Grade 4: Dead or degenerating
@agrfaisal

21. 1 Stage: Unfertilized
2 Stage : 2 to 12 cell
3 Stage : Early morula
4 Stage : Morula
5 Stage : Early blastocyst
6 Stage : Blastocyst
7 Stage : Expanded blastocyst
8 Stage : Hatched blastocyst
9 Stage : Expanding hatched blastocyst
Embryos also are evaluated for their stage of development withoutEmbryos also are evaluated for their stage of development without
regard to quality. These stages are also numbered:regard to quality. These stages are also numbered:
STAGESSTAGES

22. STAGESSTAGES
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/
%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:HumanEmbryog
enesis-ar.png

23. agrfaisal@gmail.comagrfaisal@gmail.com