1. Energy and Comfort in
Buildings
Practical assessment
University of Minho
Master of Sustainable Rehabilitation And Construction
18-Dec-2015
Group 4:
Ahmad Alshaghel
Chadi Charles
NisreenArdda
Rita Correia
2. Energy and Comfort in Buildings
• Introduction
• Orientation
• Window area
• Air change rate
• HVAC systems
• Shading system
• DHW systems
• Insulation
• NZEB
• Thermal Comfort
3. • Introduction
Age of Earth = 4.6 Billion Year
Age of Industrial revolution= 300 year
Age =46 years After 1 Minute
50% resources
New tenant
Legalization is required
Every single movement is required
Building = 40% CO2
9. Solution 1
Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%
WWR51%28%
energy for heating decrease about 5%
energy for cooling decrease about 13%
global energy decrease 6%
B0.58Ntc/NtEnergy
Class
10. Solution 2
Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%
WWR56.1%32%
energy for heating decrease about 4%
energy for cooling decrease about 9%
global energy decrease 4.5%
B0.59Ntc/NtEnergy
Class
11. Solution 3
Transmission /cooling decrease about 15%
energy for heating decrease about 8%
energy for cooling decrease about 20%
global energy decrease 10%
B0.59Ntc/NtEnergy
Class
Solution 1+ Solution 2
12. • Air Change rate (Ventilation)
Measure of the air volume added to or removed from a space
(normally a room or house) divided by the volume of the space.
Reference Solution
13. First suggested Solution
Air Change rate (Ventilation Rate):
Second suggested Solution
Third suggested Solution
Grids + Ducts
ACr EC
ACr EC
ACr EC
Mechanical Fan+ Ducts
Heat Recovery system
14. • HVAC (heating and cooling):
Most important factor to distinguish the building thermal comfort,
acceptable indoor air quality and the energy consumption
Reference Solution
15. First suggested Solution
Second suggested Solution
Third suggested Solution
Biomass boiler
EC
EC
EC
water heat pump+ Digital
Inverter Ceiling
Wall AC
HVAC (heating and cooling):
Reference
CoolingHeating
16. First we have to
define the
composition of the
glass used in the
case study, where
we have by default
that the gtvi=0.55 ,
which in the
regulation book in
table 12 we can
define that the glass
used is
Vidro Duplo (int + ext)
and colorido na
massa 5mm +
incolor 4 a 8 mm.
• Shading Systems
18. 3. Persiana de Reguas de Madeira (0.60 B)
4. Persiana De Reguas Metalicas Ou Plasticas on the south and east and west
side only . (0.59 B)
The best solution is the Persiana De Reguas Metalicas ou Plasticas installed only on the
south and east and west elevations where it combines the economical benefits with the
sustainable solutions for a better overall project.
19. • AQS or DHW Domestic Hot Water.
Water used, in any type of building, for domestic purposes, principally
drinking, food preparation, sanitation and personal hygiene.
1. Caldeira. The used model is a boiler that works on natural gas, and it is
backed up by solar collectors which will renew the heat for the hot water.
(0.61 B)
2. Water Heater (liquid fuel). the first solution is a water heater that works on
Diesel oil, and it is backed up by solar collectors that renew the heat for
the water to stay hot. (0.62 B)
20. 3. Boiler that works on Electricity. the second solution is a boiler that works
on electricity and it’s backed up by photovoltaic solar panels that gives
renewable electricity to power the boiler in a sustainable way. (0.62 B)
4. Stove Boiler. the third solution is a basic one where it is a stove boiler that
boil water on solid fuel and it’s backed up by a geothermal heat pump that
renew the heat for the water. (0.56 B)
The best solution is the most organic one and it’s the third one
the STOBE BOILER.
21. Insulation
The possibilities for insulation are numerous and can be
very different both in type, volume, price, and
environmental impact
23. BuildingThermal inertia
ASSUMED CONTRIBUTION from
Pavements and Separation Walls:
maximum allowed superficial mass (150Kg/m2)
reduction factor equal to 1.
Sseparationwalls = 130m2
It = [2 x (150 x 1 x 130) + (150 x 189,12)] / 189,12 = 356 Kg/m2
39. • nZEB
PARAMETER SLECTED SOLUTION
1. Orientation R
2. Windows 3
3. Shading 3
4. Insulation 3
5.Ventilation R
6. HVAC 1
7. AQS 3
+
Efficient shower systems – Class A
+
PV Solar system
42. Thermal Comfort
**The red line represents the comfort zone without an
ambient control system
**The blue line represents the comfort zone without an
ambient control system
43. Results
Average value of the
measured outside
temperature
(7 previous days)
Tn-i (ºC)
Outside temperature
(Weighted average)
Tmp (ºC)
Tn 13,51
Tn 13,54
14,85
Tn 15,49
Tn 17,68
Tn 16,07
Tn 15,58
Tn 14,18
AverageTr
between 17h
and 18h
(Fireplace
OFF)
AverageTr
between 18h
and 22h30
(Fireplace ON)
AverageTr
between 23h and
1h
(Fireplace stopped
being feeded)
18,61 24,37 21,99