Lecture2 systems

Announcements Please turn in Quiz #1 Math review, Mon. & Weds. 4-4:45 pm, in McG-S 230

The Tools of Geography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Which object best approximates the shape of the Earth? Frisbee Beachball

[object Object],[object Object]

Sun Aswan Alexandria 7.2 ° Circ. = 2 π r Circumference = 805 km ∙ 50 805 km Circ. = 40,250 km r = 6400 km 7.2 ° 1 50 r = Circ. 2 π = 7.2° 360° 805 km Circumference = 1 50

Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere

Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Soil

Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],thing 1 thing 2 flow

Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Systems A systems approach to Earth’s energy balance From: Strahler & Strahler Where and how does the energy flow in this global-scale natural system?

Open Systems ,[object Object],Input Output e.g., Crim Dell

Open Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Input Output e.g., Crim Dell

Open Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],Add 500 gallons per week Lose 500 gallons per week Input Output e.g., Crim Dell

Open Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Add 200 gallons per week Lose ??? gallons per week ??? Input Output e.g., Crim Dell

[object Object],Closed input output ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Closed Systems

Closed Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Closed Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Lithosphere) (Hydrosphere) (Biosphere) (All four!)

Closed Systems ,[object Object],Solar Inputs Radiation output to space Energy

Energy as a System ,[object Object],Energy on Earth is not quite in equilibrium 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics: Heat flows from warmer bodies (Earth) to cooler bodies (Space) Led to a huge conflict with Darwin et al. His age: 20-100 million years; not enough time for evolution or some observed geological phenomena.

Energy as a System But a scientist’s results are only as good as the data and the assumptions. What did Kelvin not know about? Convection in the mantle Heat from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei

Lecture2 systems

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