English Grammar - Present Tense

Present Time
Language Open Learning English
Grammar Guide

Present Time
Present Simple is formed with the bare
infinitive.
Infinitive – Bare Infinitive –
To Like Like

We add S to the third person singular (he/she/it)

• I like, you like, he/she/it likes, we like, they like

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Present Time
Irregular verbs don’t always add S.

For example – To Have, To Be

• I have, you have, he/she/it has, we have, they have
• I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are


Present Time
Verbs ending in –

o, s, ch, sh, x

Add –ES

• He goes, she misses, she watches, he wishes


Present Time
Yes/No questions:

are formed with do plus the bare infinitive.
The third person singular uses does

– Do you like Chinese food?
Does he like Chinese food?

Also used with when, what, why, where, how etc
• What do you want?
• Where does she live?


Present Time
Negatives:
are formed with do not plus the bare infinitive.
The third person singular uses does not

I do not like that He does not like that

When speaking and informal
do not – don’t, does not – doesn’t
I don’t like that She doesn’t like that


Present Time
Present Simple Meaning:
An action that is a habit
• I usually get up at 6.30am

Actions or situation that are usually or generally true
• He plays soccer,
• She plays the trumpet
True facts
• The sun always sets in the west


Present Time
Present Simple Meaning:
• An action that is a habit
– I usually get up at 6.30am
• Actions or situation that are usually or generally
true
– He plays soccer,
– She plays the trumpet
• True facts
– The sun always sets in the west
• The present simple can also have a future meaning


Present Time
Present Simple Pronunciation:

Verbs which end with the sounds: z, dz, s, sh, tsch, and ks
Add an extra syllable to make the ending – IZ
• Watches, misses, relaxes

After – f, k, p, t – the third person sound is “s” – hit/hits
Other third person – s – pronounced “z” – see/sees
Does is pronounced – “duhz”


Present Time
Present Continuous Form
This form is with the auxiliary verb be and the ing form of the main verb

•I am relaxing •We are relaxing
•You are relaxing •They are relaxing
•He/she is relaxing


Present Time

Verbs ending in –e, drop the –e when they add -ing

•like – liking, decide – deciding, write - writing

Verbs with one syllable, ending in one vowel and one
consonant, double the consonant before adding -ing
•sit – sitting, swim – swimming, dig - digging

Verbs ending in –ie – change –ie to -y

•lie – lying, tie – tying, die - dying


Present Time

In speech and informal writing, the verb be is contracted

•I’m writing •He’s/she’s writing
•You’re writing •They’re writing
•We’re writing


Present Time

Questions are formed by inverting the auxiliary verb be
and the subject
•Am I writing? •Is he/she writing?
•Are you writing? •Are they writing?
•Are we writing?

Wh – questions follow the same pattern
•What are you writing?
•What are we writing?


Present Time

Negatives are formed with the verb be + not
This is contracted in speech and informal writing
•I’m not writing
•You’re not writing
•We aren’t writing


Present Time
Present Continuous Meaning

Actions in progress at the present moment
•Sorry, I can’t speak to you at the moment, I’m washing my hair.

Actions happening “around now”
even though not tat the moment of speaking

•I’m reading the new Harry Potter book

The present continuous also has some future meanings


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English Grammar - Present Tense

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