the euro zone introduction and the reason for the crisis and its impact on the european countries and on the world

2. Dinesh Grover

3. JasdeepChawla

5. Euro Zone It is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 16 European Union (EU) member states They have adopted the euro as their sole trading currency. Euro became a reality on Jan 1, 1998 , but came for the European consumers on Jan 1 2002. It currently consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

6. Introduction to Euro Zone crisis It is the biggest challenge Europe has faced since 1990. Due to global financial crisis that began in 2007-08 the euro zone entered its first official recession in third quarter of 2008. The official figures were released in 2009 Jan. On 11 Oct 2008, a summit was held in Paris by the Euro group heads of state and Govt. , to define a joint action plan for euro zone and central banks of Europe to stabilize the economy.

7. Beginning of Crisis Started in – Oct 2009 in Greece Its immediate causes lie with the US crisis of 2007-09. The result in Euro Zone was Sovereign debt crisis. PIIGS: Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain.

8. What Happened and Why? Greece: Sharp Budget Deficit Large government and External Debts in PIIGS. Greece credit rating downgraded. Interest rates surged on government bonds. Need for external aid from EU and IMF The high debts and rising rate of interests was a matter of concern.

10. Increase in wage rates.

11. Lower exchange rate risk.Weakening export competitiveness. Reasons for rise in Internal Debts: Rising Unemployment: Lower tax returns, higher budget deficits.

12. PRESENT SITUATION

19. GREEK DEBT CRISIS In the first quarter of 2010, the national debt of Greece was put at €300 billion ($413.6 billion), which is bigger than the country's economy. Greece has the worst combination of high debt level, large budget deficit and large external debt

20. GDP - $360 billion Debt-GDP ratio – 113% of GDP Budget Deficit – 12.9% of GDP Current Account Deficit- 11.0% of GDP Net Foreign Debt – 70% of GDP Total Outstanding Public Debt- 290 billion euro

22. Countries Affected By Greek Crisis South-eastern Europe Neighboring Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey

23. IMPACT Contagion Effect Greek crisis has made investors nervous about lending money to governments through buying government bonds. Reduced wealth: Take-home pay is likely to fall as it is eroded by rising taxes. Impact on private individuals

26. Resolutions European governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have stunned global stock markets with a 750bn-euro. France agrees to pitch in with 17 billion euro.

27. Situation of other countries Spain is experiencing the highest unemployment rate of 20%. Italy- has already taken austerity measures. The lower house of parliament has voted for 25 billion Euros of cuts to reduce the country’s deficit. The govt. aims to reduce budget deficits down from 5.3% of GDP to 2.7% by 2012.

28. Effect on India India’s exports to Europe could witness a slump close to 10%. Export driven sectors such as textiles and software are likely to bear the brunt. About 22-28 percent of revenues of India’s top tech majors come from Europe whose revenues will definitely be affected. Government’s overall target of $200 billion for the fiscal could be at stake.

29. FUTURE PREDICTED Either the euro zone should go for integrating their economic policies. OR It collapses, and the Greeks and other profligate countries devalue and the banks (German, French, British and American) lose hundreds of billions. ,

30. PROBLEMS It combines efficient and indiscipline economies. Too high debts. Political problems.

31. SOLUTIONS Countries affected must: Grind down Wages Raise Productivity Slash Spending Raise taxes Transparent Banking system Endure such Austerity Drives for many years

32. CONCLUSION The US crisis led to Global financial crisis, which further spread to Euro zone and caused Euro zone crisis, as these countries were most affected. Hence the Big Brothers should help the countries in problem to come out from the crisis.

33. Thank you very much for your attention!!! We are looking forward to receive your questions…………