history of art in realism, neolithic and Paleolithic eras.

1. 1
Arts
Something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses important idea
or feeling.
Prehistoric art
There was three ages of Stone Age
Paleolithic Period
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Paleolithic
(2 million years ago-13,000 BC.)
The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic. The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may
vary by locality as much as several thousand years. During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped
together in small societies such asbands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or
scavenging wild animals.]
The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at
the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as
tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved
to any great degree. Surviving artifacts of the Paleolithic era are known as paleoliths.
Prehistoric or Stone Age art is first known period of prehistoric human culture, during which work was
done with stone tools The Paleolithic period, or Old Stone Age, was the longest phase of human history.
Its most outstanding feature was the development of the human species-- Homo sapiens. Paleolithic
peoples were generally nomadic hunters and gatherers who sheltered in caves, used fire, and stone
tools.Rock craving and painting reached at their peak in this peroid.
Prehistoric
Paleolithic or "Old Stone Age" is a term used to define the oldest period in the human history. Paleolithic
means old stone age derived from the Greek word paleos=old and lithos=stone.
Images.
Most of the images were drawn during the first period some human footprints belonging to a child may
date back to the second period.There was a Head of women called siberia that was craved in a mammoth
ivory that was 3 inches long.
Paleolithic caves.
There was decorative with picture and human forms. Cave and wall paintings appeared at Lascaux and in
the caves of the Vézère Valley. Outlines of animals and people were brought to life using pigments on

2. 2
the uneven surface of the rock walls of Caves. there was beautiful rock painting but unfortunately that
was replaced by the new stone age.
Painting.
Mostly they make paintings of different animals and women’s by using plants and minerals, lemonate,
charcoal and fire and also burnt bones on the wall of caves.They usally paint on the wall and also on
the celling of the caves.
Sculpture.
The Venus sculpture was most famous sculpture of Paleolithic period. Most of the sculpture is of
women’s and animals. The head are often relatively is small size and most are missing hand and feats.
There sculpture did not represent their culture. The size of figures arrange from 1.5 inches to 9.8 inches
in height.
Settlements
They were nomadic people. They no permanent settlement to live. They lived in temporary shelters like
tents or caves.They live in small number usally 60 people in a group.They dont live in large group.So that
was very easy to migrate from one place to another.
Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
10,000 years ago
Cultures included gradual domestication of plants and animals, formation of settled communities,
use of the bow, and development of delicate stone and pottery. Bones of domesticated dogs also
appear in archaeological deposits for the first time.
Neolithic Period
(C.8000-5000 BCE)
Neolithic is derived from Greek words Neo and litho meaning “New” and “stone”.
Neolithic" refers to the "new stone age," generally reflecting the use of stone tools with some use of
metals and with people settling into permanent communities, the development of agriculture, and animal
husbandry
Characteristics of Neolithic art

3. 3
There were more images of humans than animals, and the humans looked more, well, human. It began to
be used for ornamentation. In the cases of architecture and megalithic constructions, art was now created
in fixed locations. This was significant. Where temples, were built, gods and goddesses were provided
with known destinations.
Neolithic Sculptures
Statuary (primarily statuettes), made a big comeback after having been largely absent during the
Mesolithic age. Its Neolithic theme was primarily on the female or "Mother Goddess" imagery (quite
in keeping with agriculture, this). There were still animal statuettes, however that was not much important
than the goddesses were.
Neolithic Painting
After a absent of painting in Mesolithic Neolithic came with a beautiful art of Painting. In Neolithic the
whole wall was painted with the scenes of Group of people hunting, farming or dancing.In their painting
they represent wildlife sence.They also make painting of humans and that was well human.
Neolithic pottery and Vase.
As for pottery, it began replacing by simple stone and wood pottery and became more highly
decorated.Neolithic vase from Paradimi. Clay, one-handled jug with round body and tall neck.There
was spherical vase in Late Neolithic that was combination of spirals, curved lines,decorating with the
characteristic of Late Neolithic pottery.
Neolithic Architecture
Architecture was also developed. In this age first planned urban develop city was made in the world
dating back to 7,000 B.C. and covering an area of 32 acres. Each house shared common walls with its
neighbors and its entrance was on the roof. The walls, made out of mud-brick and presenting a solid,
windowless aspect .Inside, the house walls were covered with paintings that depicted rich scenes of nature
and wildlife. Painted relief sculptures, especially in the form of the Mother Goddess, were popular. Her
popularity pointed to a possibly matriarchal society
Villages
The neolithic village of Skara Brae lies on the shore of the Bay of Skaill.Stunningly preserved structures
containing stone furniture (dressers, beds, cupboards) dating back to 3200BC can be seen here.There
villages was also very developed.

4. 4
Difference between Paleolithic and Neolithic
Paleolithic Neolithic
Ages Old stone age New stone age
It began about two million years
ago
5000-1500 BC.
Tools Chipped stone, wooden weapons,
light stone tools.
Polished stone tools, tools of
made metal.
Arts Cave painting Walls painting
Sculpture
Sculptures are very realistic,
Mostly of women’s & animal.
Sculpture of god & goddess.
Lifestyle These people lived in temporary
shelters like tents or caves. They
do not have permanent house
They lived in permanent
settlement
They raised/herded animals;
agriculture was discovered and
became a major source of
food; separate families
evolved.
Main discovery
They have learned to lit fire by
hitting two fire stones & rubbing Agriculture and tools with
polished stones ,vase etc.
REALISM
Definition
It is derived from the Greek word RES which means REAL and further is related objects.
Realism means a belief or a theory which looks upon the world as seems to us.
History: It began in late 18th
century. Realism was an artiest movement that is started from the
France in 1850.

5. 5
Theyinspiredbythe positiveview of nature andotherhumanaspects.theyfaith all knowledge derived
from science and they people belief that these methods solves many human problem.
they belief only those things that exist in the world.
What is realism?
Realismisthe conceptthatbelief onthe truth.That belief onlythe things that are real and exist
inthe universe.Realism is strickly against the romanticism because it focus on human emotion
and imaginationbutrealismdoesnotgive importance of these things.Realism somewhere give
importance on impressionism
Characteristics
“In their painting they give focus on accurate description of objects.Mostly they represent the
contemporarylife instead of imaginations.Ordinary people and everyday activities became subject of
art.They represent ignored aspects of society.
Medium use of painters
Realistic artist was mostly used oil on canvas.They also used water colors and egg
tempera
Famous Painters
• Gustave Coubret.
• Honoredaumier.
• jean-francois Miillet.
• Ilya repin.
Gleaners”(JeanFrançoisMillet)
itseemsthatthey pickingwheatpossiblyslaves something is going on background the texture
are well done as well as shading.
Sculpture.
In their sculpture they use the ordinary people they also use the queen and kings. But in this
period they do not have the to much artistic freedom in sculpture.
Architecture.
In the periodof realismtheyuse ironsteel and concrete for making their building but this style of
architecture is developing in 19th
century.The Eiffel tower is the example of realism architecture.

6. 6
Criticism.
It ignore the beauty & focus on real object.Only stress on physical world and ignore other
factors.It do not give importance to ideal & Values. It does not believe in imagination &
sentiments.It accept only real need & Feeling only