ETHANOL AS A FUEL

The Fermentation of sugar crops (sugarcane, wheat,
sorghum, maize, etc), starch, cornstalks, vegetable
leftover and fruits after distillation is known as
ETHANOL

Best known as the type of ethanol found in
ethanolic beverages

Used in thermometers as a solvent

Used as a raw material in various industrial
processes

Ethanol is used as an automotive fuel by itself
and can be mixed with gasoline to form what
has been called "GASOHOL" or FUEL ETHANOL.

How is ethanol being used
as transportation fuel ?

Most ethanol used for fuel is being blended
into gasoline at concentrations of 5 to 10
percent.
All petrol engines can utilize the blended
ethanol and needs no alterations.

There is a small but growing market for E85
fuel (85 percent ethanol and 15 percent
gasoline) for use in Flexible Fuel Vehicles
(FFVs), several million of which have been
produced by U.S. automakers.

Ethanol is also being used to formulate a
blend with diesel fuel, known as "E-Diesel",
and as a replacement for leaded aviation
gasoline in small aircraft.

FUEL EFFICIENT
When mixed with unleaded gasoline,
 ethanol increases octane levels
 improves combustion
 extends the supply of gasoline

.
ECO-FRIENDLY
 A renewable source of energy
 Its production or the combustion does not
emit green house gases or poisonous
pollutants

Reduces the emission of Particulate Matter
and sulfur dioxide
 Decreases the discharge of benzene and
butadiene, that cause cancer, by 50%
 Decrease the emission of hydrocarbons that
deplete the ozone layer.

 By grains such as corn and sorghum
 Potatoes, sugar cane, and other farm
plants and plant wastes.
 Forestry products such as wood, brewery
waste, whey, paper waste, beets, or
vegetable waste.

Ethanol is a product of fermentation
In fermentation, ethanol retains much of the
energy that was originally in the sugar, which
explains why ethanol is an excellent fuel.

ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSE
Cellulose—an organic compound that is
the structural component of cell walls for
plants. Cellulosic materials, such as wood
chips and corn stalks, are an emerging
feedstock for ethanol production.
Cellulosic ethanol promises to reduce GHG
emissions by up to 110% compared to
gasoline.

Source: www.wastetoenergymachines.com

The cost of producing ethanol remains
significantly higher than the cost of producing
fuels from petroleum.
Continued progress with both conventional and
advanced ethanol production technologies
could someday result in ethanol production
costs competitive with petroleum fuels.

World’s top producer
Top consumer
Leading exporter
Key Ethanol Stats
Number of Plants......................................................... 211
Operating Production Capacity............. 13.3 billion gallons
Idled capacity.......................................... 1.5 billion gallons
Capacity Under Construction............... 50.0 million gallons
States with Ethanol Facilities........................................... 29
-till 2013
Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Historic Ethanol
Production
(in billions of gallons)
2012......................13.3*
2011......................13.9
2010......................13.3
2009......................10.9
2008........................9.3

There are currently over 2,250 gas stations in
the U.S. that sell E85 fuel. This ethanol-fuel
blend is for use in flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) only.

In 2012, American ethanol use helped
reduce the need for imported oil by an
estimated 462 million barrels. For perspective,
that is more ethanol than America imports from
Saudi Arabia each year.

Oil import dependence dropped to 41% in
2012. Without ethanol, oil import dependence
would have been 48%.

Growing Domestic Energy Supplies
Ethanol also has an impact on the domestic
energy markets. Today, ethanol accounts for
almost one out of every four gallons of
domestically-produced fuel consumed by
gasoline-powered vehicles.

Stimulating America’s Economy
Domestic ethanol production is an unrivaled
economic engine in hundreds of communities
all across the country. It is helping revitalize
rural communities, create new jobs requiring
strong math and science skills, and putting
more money in the pockets of Americans
through increased wages and lower gasoline
prices.

Ethanol and the Economy:
 87,000 direct jobs
 295,000 indirect/induced jobs
 $43.4 billion contribution to GDP
 $30.2 billion in household income

SAVING MONEY AT THE PUMP
Ethanol reduced gasoline prices by an
average of $1.09 per gallon in 2011

Today’s producers get more ethanol out of
every bushel—and use less energy and
water to do it. That’s the definition of
sustainability.

i. Natural gas energy required to produce a
gallon of ethanol has fallen 28%.
ii. Electricity use is down 32%.

iii. The amount of ethanol produced per bushel
of corn has increased to 2.8 gallons,
up more than 5%.
iv. Water use has fallen to 2.7 gallons per gallon
of ethanol, down 47% since 2001 and
comparable to water use for gasoline
production.

Ethanol’s energy balance is continually improving:
1 unit of energy invested in making ethanol
yields up to 2.3 units of energy available for the
consumer.

Ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions by
40-50% when compared directly to gasoline.

Conclusion
The ethanol industry continues to make a significant
contribution to the economy in terms of job creation,
generation of tax revenue, and displacement of
imported crude oil. The importance of the ethanol
industry to agriculture and rural economies is
particularly notable. Continued growth and expansion
of the ethanol industry through new technologies and
feedstock will enhance the industry’s position as the
original creator of green jobs, and will enable America
to make further strides toward independence from
imported fossil fuels.

BRAZIL
Pure ethanol (100% ethanol) is used in approximately 40 percent
of the cars in Brazil. The remaining vehicles use blends of 24
percent ethanol with 76 percent gasoline. Brazil consumes nearly 4
billion gallons of ethanol annually. In addition to consumption,
Brazil also exports ethanol to other countries.
SWEDEN
Sweden has used ethanol in chemical production for many years.
As a result, Sweden’s crude oil consumption has been cut in half
since 1980. During the same time period, the use of gasoline and
diesel for transportation has also increased

India is initiating the use of ethanol as an
automotive fuel. A move has been made by
distilleries in India to use surplus ethanol as a
blending agent or an oxygenate in gasoline.

Currently, the mandate is for 5 percent
blending but if we go to 10 percent, one
could save about Rs 8,000-9,000 crore of
foreign exchange which is currently being
used to import crude.
Source: www.moneycontrol.com

Ethanol blending with petrol yet to
gather steam
Some seven years have passed since the
government launched the program to blend 5
per cent ethanol with petrol. However, the
desired blending has not yet been achieved
because of problems over pricing and
procurement.

Blending at the rate of 5 per cent will
require 1,050 million liters ethanol
annually. But the OMCs (Indian Oil, Bharat
Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum) have
procured only 400 million liters since
January 2013.
Source: Business Today

Blending in states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana,
Punjab, Delhi and Karnataka has been taking
place at 10 per cent.
But in several other states like Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat only 5
per cent has been achieved.
At the national level, only 2 to 2.5 per cent
blending is happening against a target of 5 per
cent.
Source: Business Today

In the absence of a well knit policy in the past for
purchasing and blending ethanol, not many
distilleries have been producing ethanol.
Only three distilleries attached to sugar mills
had war years’ experience, and were able to gear
themselves up to supply ethanol immediately.

The requirement of ethanol at 5 per cent
blending is expected to rise from 465
million liters to 682 million liters.
Source: Ethanolindia.com

11 units in Uttar Pradesh -75 million liters
7 units in Tamil Nadu -62.5 million liters
8 units in Karnataka- 66.5 million liters
4 units in Andhra Pradesh-over 40 million
Similar steps have also be taken up by the
cooperative sector units in Maharashtra,
Punjab and UP. By the end of the year it is
estimated that about 300 million liters
capacity would have been created for the
production of anhydrous ethanol.

If additional cane available is utilized, the
production of ethanol would be around
1,485 million liters.

The country imports 80% of its fuel but is
mandated to blend 20% ethanol by 2017.

February 17, 2014
Indian oil companies buy record 720 million liters of
ethanol from mills
In India, the country’s oil marketing companies have at
last finalized a record ethanol purchase of 720 million
liters of ethanol from sugar mills, making this the first
year the country will reach its E5 blending target. The
ethanol will reduce the country’s $20 billion annual fuel
import bill by $1 billion. The OMCs paid between 56
and 60 cents per liter. About 230 million liters have
already been picked up.
Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com
RECENT HEADLINES

February 24, 2014
Indian edible oils company plans to set up corn-based
ethanol
In India, Rasoya Proteins plans to invest $81 million in
setting up additional soy oil production as well as a
corn-based ethanol plant. The company believes that
increased demand for ethanol for blending will provide
a market to support the new investment.
RECENT HEADLINES

ON APRIL 7,2014
In India, the Inter-Ministerial Group has agreed to
change the formula used to calculate the price sugar
mills get for their ethanol, meaning that they will
receive between 1 and 5 rupees per liter more during
the next tender to supply from the crush starting in
October. Mills have been holding back from
participating in the tenders because it wasn’t
financially viable at the prices the oil marketing
companies were offering.
RECENT HEADLINES

Ethanol is part of our nation’s solution to
reducing our dependency on imported oil,
creating domestic jobs,
cleaning our environment
by reducing dangerous
emissions caused by burning gasoline, and
helping to improve engine performance by
adding much needed octane.

Unlike biodiesel, there is no need to have a
corporation. Ethanol can be made even in your
backyard. Those who want to save the
environment are busy in producing ethanol in
their backyards; guidelines of the procedure are
easily available.

MADE BY--
AKSHAY GAUTAM
THANK YOU 

ETHANOL AS A FUEL

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