This document discusses the origins and development of the English language. It begins by examining the linguistic geography of Europe prior to the arrival of English, noting that western Europe was broadly divided between Celtic-speaking areas in the south and Germanic-speaking areas in the north, with Latin spread by the Roman Empire over Celtic territories. It then discusses the various Celtic, Latin, and Germanic language groups in Europe and patterns of language contact between them. Finally, it focuses on the linguistic situation in Britain, including the Celtic and Latin languages present prior to the Anglo-Saxon migrations, and the development of early English dialects corresponding to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.