1. The document describes the histological structure of the cerebellum including its three layers - molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and granular layer. 2. It lists the afferent and efferent nerve fibers of the three cerebellar peduncles - superior, middle, and inferior. The superior cerebellar peduncle has dentato-rubral tract and dentatothalamic tract as efferents. 3. The physiological functions of the three divisions of the cerebellum are described. The spinocerebellum regulates muscle tone and posture. The cerebrocerebellum is involved in skilled movement and cognitive functions. The vestibulocerebellum

1. Cerebellum
LIBYAN INTERNATIONAL
MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Presentedby : mohammed alsunosi, malakbenghazi, zeizi ahmed
Cerebellum

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Describe the histological structure of cerebellum
List afferent and efferent nerve fibres of cerebellar peduncle
Describe the physiological function of each cerebellum division
Discuss pharmacological effect, side effects and drug
interaction of tetrahydrocannibinol
4 Discuss lesion of cerebellum according to the
anatomical division
5 Discuss the effects of ethanol on central nervous system

3. Cerebellum
Anterior view
posterior view

4. Describe the histological
structure of cerebellum
Presented by : malak benghazi

5. Cerebellum
outer layer of grey
matter
inner layer of white
matter

6. Globose nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Fastigial nuclei
Emboliform nuclei
Superior cerebellar peduncle

7. Cerebellar cortex
Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer

8. • Two types of neurons:
(stellate cells & basket cells)
• Neurolgia cells
• Dendrites of Purkinje cells
• Axons of granular cells
Molecular layer

9. Purkinje cell layer
• Large pyriform cells arranged in
a single layer (Golgi type I
neuron)
• Their dendrites synapse with
axons of granular cells & relay
with axons of the collateral
branches of basket cells

10. Granular layer
Granular cells & Neurolgia
Axons of granular cells synapse
with dendrites of Purkinje cells.
Dendrites of granular cells synapse
with mossy fibers.

11. • Climbing fibers: synapse with Purkinje
cells.
• Mossy fibers: terminate by multiple
branches around the dendrites of the
granular cells.
• Efferent fibers: Axons of Purkinje cells
•. Intrinsic fibers: which connect different
parts of the cerebellum.
The cerebellar white matter

14. Which layer of cerebellar cortex contains the axons of
granule cells?
A. Cerebellar white matter
B. Purkinje cell layer
C.
D. Granule cell layer
E .C&D
Molecular layer

15. List afferent and efferent nerve
fibres of cerebellar peduncle
Presented by : malak benghazi

16. Superior Cerebellar peduncles

17. Middle Cerebellar peduncles

18. Inferior Cerebellar peduncles

19. Inferior Cerebellar peduncles
Afferent Connections
1.Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract
2.Olivocerebellar tract
3.Cuneocerebellar Tract
4.Reticulocerebellar Tract Restiform body

20. Juxtarestiform Body
Afferent
Efferent
1-Vestibulocerebellar Tract
1. Cerebellovestibular fibers
2. Cerebelloreticular fibers

21. Middle Cerebellar peduncles
Afferent fibers
• Pontocerebellar fibers

22. Superior Cerebellar peduncles
Afferent
Efferent
1. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
2. Rubrocerebellar fibers
3. Tectocerebellar fibers
1. Dentato-rubral tract
2. dentatothalamic tract

23. List the efferent of SCP
1. Dentato-rubral tract
2. dentatothalamic tract

25. Describe the physiological function
of each cerebellum division
Presented by : mohammed alsunosi

26. Anatomical divisions of
cerebellum

27. Posterior view

28. Posterior view

30. anterior view

31. Functional division of
cerebellum

32. Superior view
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe
Vermis
Para
vermis
Para
vermis

33. Superior view
Anterior lobe
Vermis
Para-vermis

34. Sensory information

35. Tactile receptor

36. proprioceptors

37. Visual receptor

38. Auditory receptor

39. cortical impulses
cerebello-reticular fibers
muscle tone

40. regulates the postural
reflexes by modifying
muscle tone.
cortical impulses
regulates tone, posture and
equilibrium by receiving sensory
impulses form tactile receptors,
proprioceptors, visual receptors and
auditory receptors
sensory impulses

41. Lateral hemisphere
Posterior lobe

42. Cerebral cortex
Area 4,6
Red nucleus
Thalamus
Dentate nucleus
Pontine nucleus
Corticopontine fibers
Pontocerebellar fibers
Dentatorubral fibersRubrothalamic fibers
Thalamocortical fibers
cerebro-cerebello-cerebral
circuit

43. Planning of movements

44. skilful movement

45. Ballistic movement

46. Timing movement and
cognitive function

47. Learning of new movements

48. • Planning & programming of movements
• Learning of new movements
• Planning & execution of skilled movements
• cognitive functions)
• Balistic movement

49. Spinocerebellum regulates tone, posture and equilibrium
by receiving sensory impulses only.
A. True B. False

50. Floculonodular Lobe

51. Gravity
linear movement
vestibulocerebellar tract
Vestibular
nucleus
Lateral rectus muscle
CN VI

52. Balance and Equilibrium

53. • Balance & equilibrium
• Eye movement

54. lesion of cerebellum according to the
anatomical division
Presented by : mohammed alsunosi

55. Ipsilaterality

56. Spinocerebellaur
Corticopontocerebellar
Cerebellothalamic
Corticospinal tract
ipsilateral side

57. Vermis (spinocerebellum): interacts with axaial muscle
Vermis
Truncal ataxia

58. Truncal ataxia

59. Truncal Titubation

60. Hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum): intercts with limbs
Hemispheres
Limb ataxia, intention tremor,
dysmetria, dysdiadockokinesia

61. intention tremor

62. dysmetria

63. Dysdiadokokinesia
Dysdiadokokinesia (+)Normal

64. Flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) involved with
eye movement, balance
Flocculonodular
Truncal ataxia, nystagmus

65. nystagmus

66. Staccato speech is where you speak in fragments of sentences
Staccato speech

67. Romberg's test +

69. pendular rebound

70. Rebound phenomenon

71. the effects of ethanol on
central nervous system
Presented by : zeizi ahmed

72. • The CNS is markedly affected by
acute alcohol consumption.
• Alcohol causes sedation, relief of
anxiety and, at higher
concentrations, slurred speech,
ataxia, impaired judgment, and
disinhibited behavior, a condition
usually called intoxication or
drunkenness.
Ethanol

73. The main acute cellular effects of ethanol that
occur at concentrations (5–100 mmol/l)
relevant to alcohol consumption by humans
are:
 Enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid type-A
(GABAA)

74.  Inhibition of ionotropic glutamate receptor
function
“Blackouts” periods of memory loss
that occur with high levels of alcohol
may result from inhibition of NMDA
receptor activation.
NMDA

75. “Blackouts” periods of memory loss that occur with
high levels of alcohol may result from enhancement
of GABA type A receptors
A.True B.False

76. pharmacological affect, side effects and
drug interaction of Tetrahydrocannibinol
Presented by : zeizi ahmed

77. • a powerful psychoactive
substance , THC causes
disinhibition of dopamine
neurons, mainly by
presynaptic inhibition of
GABA neurons in the VTA.
Δ9-tetra-hydrocannabinol (THC)

78. • Cannabinoid receptors in brain
termed CB1 receptors to
distinguish them from the CB2
receptors subsequently identified
in peripheral tissues. Cannabinoid
receptors are typical members of
the family of G protein-coupled
receptors.

79. • Impairment of short-term memory and simple learning tasks -subjective
feelings of confidence and heightened creativity are not reflected in actual
performance
• Impairment of motor coordination (e.g. driving performance)
• Catalepsy the adoption of fixed unnatural postures
• Hypothermia
• Analgesia
• Antiemetic action
• Increased appetite
Central effects

80. • Tachycardia
• Vasodilatation
• Reduction of intraocular pressure
• Bronchodilatation.
Peripheral effects

81. Drug interaction
• Cocaine, and amphetamines, which bind to monoamine
transporters
• Opioids , ethanol and benzodiazepines

82. Adverse effects

83. List 2 drugs that interact with tetrahydrocannabinol

84. Reference's
• Textbook of Medical Physiology -Guyton and Hall, Ch. 55, 56
Neuroscience Bear et al., Ch. 14
• Neuroanatomy : An Illustrated Colour Text (6th Edition)
• Gray's Anatomy for Students, Drake et al., 1st edition, 2005
• Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (8th Edition) Basic
• Clinical Pharmacology (14 Edition)

85. Thank you!