some information about dual fuel engine and can be used as a class project.

2. Gathered by:
Ali Eidi Ahmadabad
Ali Mohamadi Rashtin
Amin Mohamadi

4. 1.Biomethane as vehicle fuel
Energy Independency,
Environmental benefits
2.Gas vehivle a brief history
3.Dual fuel, Technology,
advantage and Disadvantage

6. •
By 2025, we need to
find, devolope and
produce a volume of
new oil and Gas that
equal 8 out of every 10
barrels produced today.

10. •
•
•
•
•
•
The most environmental friendly fuel
Cost efficient
Up to 60 000 new jobs
Health benefits
Independency
One solution to several problems

11. •
•
•
•
The ignition temperature for natural gas
is higher than for gasoline and diesel
fuel.
Natural gas is lighter than air and will
dissipate upward rapidly if a rupture
occurs.
Gasoline and diesel will pool on the
ground, increasing the danger of fire.
Compressed natural gas is non-toxic and
will not contaminate groundwater if
spilled.

14. •
•
•
•
•
•
New unreliable technology
Dangerous
Vehicle range
Fuel storage
Infrastructure costs
Ensuring sufficient supply.

16. Those can be overcome by:
• The proper design
• Fuel management
• Exhaust treatment techniques

18. •
•
There were many experiments with
gas engines in the 19th century but
the first practical gas fuelled
internal-combustion engine was
built by the Belgian engineer Étienne
Lenoir in 1860.
However, the Lenoir engine suffered
from a low power output and high
fuel consumption.

19. •
His work was further researched
and improved by a German
engineer Nikolaus August Otto,
who was later to invent the first
4-stroke engine to efficiently
burn fuel directly in a piston
chamber.

20. •
In August 1864 Otto met Eugen
Langen who, being technically
trained, glimpsed the potential
of Otto's development, and one
month after the meeting,
founded the first engine factory
in the world, NA Otto & Cie, in
Cologne.

21. •
In 1867 Otto patented his
improved design and it
was awarded the Grand
Prize at the 1867 Paris
World Exhibition.

23. •
•
•
•
Integrated gas canisters
High pressure (200 bar)
Pressure regulator→ valves→
cylinders
Fuel consumption measured in
m3 (or kg)

24. •
The fuel injectors must be
disabled when the engine is
running on gas, although fuel
must still flow to the injectors
and then pass directly to the
return fuel line to provide
cooling.

26. •
The bi-fuel engines of the spark
ignition petrol engines is of all
sizes can be converted to natural
gas by the fitting of a gas
carburetor / mixer, regulator,
shut-off valves, control system
and fuel storage tanks.

28. •
•
•
•
Power loss
encounter driveability
problems
Lower fuel efficiency
Methane gas not always
available

29. •
•
In performance terms the
converted bi-fuel engine will
generally have a 15-20 percent
maximum power reduction than
that for the petrol version.
A further disadvantage of
methane is that it is a greenhouse
gas with a warming forcing
factor many times

30. That of the principal
greenhouse gas, CO2, gas
leakage or vehicular emission,
will have an impact on the
overall greenhouse gas(GHG)
emissions.

32. •
A 15-20 percent loss in thermal
efficiency was reported in a
dual-fuel
heavy-duty
truck
demonstration in Canada, where
natural gas provided 60 percent
of the total fuel requirement
during dual-fuel operation.

34. •
Production of electricity

35. •
Trains

36. •
Buses

37. •
Tractors

38. •
Lorries

39. •
Maritime application

41. According to poulton there
are two refueling modes
with CNG :
• The first is fast fill
• The second is slow fill

42. •
Fast fill

43. Fast fill normally requires some
buffer high pressure (25 MPa)
storage at the refueling station
although an alternative is to use a
compressor sized to fill vehicles
directly without intermediate (or
cascade) storage.
A typical medium-sized
refueling station with a compressor
output around of 300 m3/hour would
•

44. be capable of servicing 30 buses or 300
cars over a 12-hour period.

46. The slow fill is where one or more
vehicles are connected directly to a
low pressure supply via a compressor
over relatively long time periods
without the high pressure buffer
storage facility.
• For many fleet operations the
refueling installation will be located at
the fleet garage with trickle fill
dispensers located adjacent to the
vehicle parking spaces.
•

47. CNG is attractive for five reasons:
1)It is the only fuel cheaper than
gasoline or diesel.
2)It has inherently lower air pollution
emissions.
3)It has lower greenhouse gas
emissions.
•

48. 4) Its use extends petroleum
supplies
5)there are large quantities of the
fuel available in the world.
• There are several major
problems needed to be solved
when using natural gas engines:

49. 1) There is the set point for the best
compromise between emissions
and fuel economy is not clear.
2)The optimum air–fuel ratio
changes with both operating
conditions and fuel
properties.

50. ”No single issue is
as fundamental to
our future as
energy”