1. The Adversary
System

2. Two opposing
sides
Each side introduces its
own evidence and
witnesses
The judge or jury
will not test the
validity of the
evidence
One opposing side may
test the opposition’s
evidence through crossexamination and by
introducing evidence

3. 




Two opposing sides argue their case before a
court, which is presided over by a neutral third
party
Each side can introduce evidence and call
witnesses
The opposing side then tests the evidence by
asking questions of witnesses (crossexamining), and by introducing its own
witnesses and evidence
At the conclusion of the case, the presider
(judge) or jury will decide which version of
events they believe
Neither the presider nor jury has any role in
testing the evidence