1. Zebra Imaging in Austin, Tex., sells holographic prints that at first glance look much like
ordinary 2-by-3-foot pieces of plastic — until an LED flashlight is shined at them. Then
the patterns, burned into the plastic with high-power laser beams, come to life, said Al
Wargo, chief executive. Out of the surface springs a model of a complicated building or
an intricate network of pipes and mechanical equipment.
Portable light stand collapses to fit in 8" x 20" tube. Includes turntable for print display.
No special eyewear is required to view the holographic prints, which typically cost
$1,000 to $3,000 each. The company has also demonstrated moving holographic
displays in prototype at conferences, Mr. Wargo said. (It introduced color holograms in
September.)
At the University of Arizona in Tucson, Dr. Peyghambarian created his displays using 16
cameras. Software rendered the images in holographic pixels, and laser beams directed
by the software recorded the information on a novel plastic that can be erased and
rewritten in two seconds. Dr. Peyghambarian says that the group is working on speeding
up the rate and expects versions to be in homes in 7 to 10 years. Slower versions may be
useful far sooner, for example, for long-distance medical consultation.
UPSD assists team-based mission planning, visualization and interpretation of complex
3D data such as intelligence and medical imagery. It permits simultaneous viewing for
up to 20 participants and is interactive, allowing the image to be frozen, rotated and
zoomed up to the resolution limit of the data. The holographic display enables full visual
depth capability up to 12 inches. The technology also enables realistic two-dimensional
printouts of the 3D imagery that front line troops can take with them on missions.
UPSD is based on full-parallax technology, which enables each 3D holographic object to
project the correct amount of light that the original object possessed in each direction,
for full 360- degree viewing. Current 3D displays lack full-parallax and only provide 3D

2. viewing from certain angles with typically only three to four inches of visual depth.
Presently UPSD is a scalable display platform that can be expanded from a six-inch
diagonal size up to a six-foot diagonal, in both monochrome and color formats.
UPSD is part of DARPA’s broader efforts in 3D technology research. DARPA recently
demonstrated a wide-area 3D LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mapping capability
under DARPA's High Altitude LIDAR Operations Experiment (HALOE). HALOE is
providing forces in Afghanistan with unprecedented access to high-resolution 3D data,
collected at rates orders of magnitude faster and from much longer ranges than
conventional methods. UPSD's 3D display can support the rapid exploitation of this data
for detailed mission planning in rugged, mountainous and complex urban terrain.
DARPA is initially transitioning the UPSD technology to an Air Force research center
and two Army research centers to apply the technology to critical applications where the
3D holographic display will provide a unique benefit.
Zebra Imaging of Austin, Texas, was awarded the initial contract in 2005 and has
researched and developed the technology.
The Full Multiplex Holographic Display (FMHD) SBIR statement
Develop full-parallax digital three-dimensional (3-D) display with no moving parts,
video rate imaging based on holograms or hogels, no special viewing apparatus, and
using a gesture glove interface.
Visualization of inherently 3-D situations—such as deconfliction, intervisibility, air
operations, satellite constellations, terrain/building structures, and complex battlespace
data—is significantly hampered when projected onto a two-dimensional (2-D) medium.
Despite many attempts based on a variety of approaches, all currently available true 3-D
displays have unacceptable levels of visual artifacts, are far too dim, require too much
space and power, and have inadequate user interfaces for interacting with 3-D imagery.
Stereoscopic approaches are common but require special headgear, which causes
discomfort and nausea in many users, diminishes luminance for all viewers, and
precludes accessibility for multiple and/or unexpected viewers.
Autostereoscopic (no eyewear) 3-D systems based on the sequential placement of full 2-
D perspective images into horizontal viewing zones (2 to 11 common) do not provide a
simple walkaround capability have uncomfortably restricted viewing zones for even one
person, cannot be updated fast enough to prevent image jitter, and cause nausea in most
users for use longer than 15 min. Autostereoscopic systems based on volumetric
approaches (e.g. spinning screen, laser-scanned cube, depth multiplex 2D) are too dim
and too small to be useful. Autostereoscopic systems based on electronic holographic
efforts have been too slow and too dim to be useful. Fortunately, recent advances in
microprocessors, algorithms, communications, and gesture control technology have now
made it possible to develop a compact full multiplex digital holographic display system

3. with adequate performance for use in operational applications. Computational power to
generate full multiplex holograms can be produced affordably by use of clusters of
consumer personal computers and graphics rendering cards. The hologram pixel
(sample of the 2-D hologram) should ideally be 500 nm or smaller in size and 14 bits in
grayscale for adequate discrete representation. Alternatively, basis representations of
holograms based on precompiled hologram element (hogel) basis sets require pixels of
20 µm or smaller compared to the 11-20 µm pitches now in production for
MicroDisplays in a variety of MEMS, OLED, and LCD technologies. Nanoelectronic
fabrication techniques now being matured by the integrated circuit industry at the 45-
nm node, together with diffractive optics for pixel or hogel imaging, enable fabrication
of hologram pixels (hpixel) across 100 sq inch of a 16-inch wafer. The resulting sampled
hologram (70-giga-hpixels) might correspond to a true 3-D resolution of several
megavoxels in a 30º field of view (FOV). The goal of this topic is to capitalize on this
opportunity to begin to enable petabyte command and control databases to be visualized
and controlled dynamically in 3-D with look-around in all directions with artifacts that
are acceptable by long-term use operators. Gesture control of the imagery via a sensor-
embedded glove is also envisioned to make user interaction with 3-D content intuitive.
Solid state 3-D would enhance both ground and airborne displays, providing depth
information in the cockpit and reducing ambiguity in ground based applications. The
technology developed in this topic should be focused on comfortable long-term use by
multiple simultaneous viewers in air, space, and cyberspace operations centers and be
adaptable to airborne functions.
PHASE I: Design an FMHD capable of presenting, at a minimum, a full parallax
monochrome image at any pupil position in a 30º FOV that is viewable in room
illumination and controllable with a gesture (e.g. glove) interface. Develop a visual
artifact reduction strategy and assess usability and comfort issues.
PHASE II: Fabricate and demonstrate a solid-state FMHD display system at video rate
in a laboratory environment in a single color with a wearable dataglove interface. Define
a pathway for integration into a tabletop multiperson team workstation form-factor that
is scalable to wall size. Demonstrate pathways to full color, larger fields of view, and
higher resolutions.
PHASE III / DUAL USE: Military application: Complex system visualization for air,
space, and cyberspace situational awareness, planning, execution of missions in
command and control centers; battlespace visualization, and medical research.
Commercial application: Commercial air traffic control, computer-aided design, real-
time functional magnetic resonant brain activity imaging, scientific data visualization,
teaching, entertainment, and medical research.

4. Apple patent reveals plans for holographic display
Television and cinema screens that produce holographic images without
the need for special glasses are being developed by computer giant Apple.
Most current 3D technologies require viewers to wear glasses that allow the right and left eye see
slightly different images to produce the illusion of a three dimensional image on the screen
By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent
8:30AM GMT 26 Dec 2010
103 Comments
A recently granted patent reveals that Apple, the company behind the iPod and
iPhone, has been working on a new type of display screen that produces three
dimensional and even holographic images without the need for glasses.
The technology could be used to produce a new generation of televisions, computer
monitors and cinema screens that would provide viewers with a more realistic
experience.
The system relies upon a special screen that is dotted with tiny pixel-sized domes
that deflect images taken from slightly different angles into the right and left eye of
the viewer.
By presenting images taken from slightly different angles to the right and left eye,
this creates a stereoscopic image that the brain interprets as three-dimensional.
Apple also proposes using 3D imaging technology to track the movements of
multiple viewers and the positions of their eyes so that the direction the image is

5. deflected by the screen can be subtly adjusted to ensure the picture remains sharp
and in 3D.
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The patent claims this technology would also create images that appear to be
holographic because of the ability to track the observers movements.
It states: "An exceptional aspect of the invention is that it can produce viewing
experiences that are virtually indistinguishable from viewing a true hologram.
"Such a "pseudo-holographic" image is a direct result of the ability to track and
respond to observer movements.
"By tracking movements of the eye locations of the observer, the left and right 3D
sub-images are adjusted in response to the tracked eye movements to produce
images that mimic a real hologram.
"The invention can accordingly continuously project a 3D image to the observer that
recreates the actual viewing experience that the observer would have when moving
in space around and in the vicinity of various virtual objects displayed therein. This is
the same experiential viewing effect that is afforded by a hologram.
"It allows the observer, for example, to move around a virtual object and top observe
multiple sides from different angles."

6. Three dimensional televisions are set to be next years must have gadget as many
major electronics manufacturers have launched 3D-ready televisions and blu-ray
players.
Sky has also launched a 3D TV channel while many movies are now being filmed in
3D for viewing at the cinema.
Most of these technologies require viewers to wear glasses that allow the right and
left eye see slightly different images to produce the illusion of a three dimensional
image on the screen.
Apple's patent, however, has now raised speculation that the computer giant may be
aiming to branch into the 3D domain by looking to abolish the need for glasses and
even go further by offering the chance for holographic films.
Holographic movies, however, would require new filming techniques currently not
being used by the movie industry to ensure actors are filmed from multiple angles.
Initially the holographic displays may be used for computers and the patent suggests
a solution to allow users to walk around an object without ever having to go behind a
screen.
It proposes using "holographic acceleration" – where the image moves faster
relative to the observers' own movement so they would only need to walk in a small
arc to see all the way around the holographic object.
Leander Kahney, a consumer technology expert and author of the Cult of Mac, said:
"At present, Apple seems an unlikely company to get into the 3D TV business, which
is struggling, but if Apple cracks the technology it could help make 3D the dominant
display technology. It certainly does away with the biggest problem – the 3D
glasses.
"As well as watching 3D movies, Apple's system would have a ton of applications in
science, engineering, design and education, while 3D iPhones and iPads would be
killer.
"It's easy to imagine things like amazing 3D textbooks and instructional videos. 3D
gaming on an iPad would be an incredibly immersive gaming experience."
holographic screen :

7. A holographic screen is a display technology that uses coated glass media for the
projection surface of a video projector. "Holographic" refers to the coating that bundles
light using formedmicrolenses. The lens design and attributes match the holographic
area. The lenses may appear similar to the fresnel lenses used inoverhead projectors.
The resulting effect is that of a free-space display, because the image carrier appears
very transparent. Additionally, the beam manipulation by the lenses can be used to
make the image appear to be floating in front of or behind the glass, rather than directly
on it. However, this display is only two-dimensional and not true three-dimensional. It is
unclear if such a technology will be able to provide acceptable three-dimensional
images in the future.
Working principle
The display design can use either front or rear projection, in which one or more video
projectors are directed at the glass plate. Each projector's beam widens as it
approaches the surface and then is bundled again by the lenses' arrangement on the
glass. This forms a virtual point of origin, so that the image source appears to be an
imaginary object somewhere close to the glass. In rear projection (the common use
case), the light passes through the glass; in front projection it is reflected.
Interactive holographic screens
Basic scheme of interactive holographic screens
Interactive holographic screens add gesture support to holographic screens. These
systems contain three basic components:
 A projector
 A computer

8.  Two films
The computer sends the image to the projector. The projector generates light beams
which form the image on the screen. When the user touches the screen, a tactile
membrane film reacts to these movements, generating electrical impulses that are sent
back to the computer. The computer interprets the received impulses and modifies the
projected image according to the information.
The projector generates the beams of light that will form the image on the screen's film,
which is adhered to the crystal support. These crystal lenses can be a maximum of 16
millimeters (0.63 in) across. The projector is usually located behind the screen and must
be placed a certain angle above or below the user's line of sight to avoid the dazzling
the user. Therefore, it must be trapezoidal projector, so it can compensate for the
deforming of the images at this angle of displacement.
Thin plastic film
The films are thin sheets of plastic applied to the crystal that allow both visualization and
interactivity. There are two types of films:
 Screen film: This film can be opaque or transparent. It is possible to work with
different degrees of opacity that can vary between 90% and 98%, depending on the
application (interior, exterior,natural lighting, artificial lighting, etc.).
 Tactile membrane: This film enables interactivity. Capacitive projected
technology[1] catches user gestures and sends impulses to the computer.
Uses
Most initial uses of this technology are advertising-related, such as shop windows.[2] An
interactive holographic screen can be mounted on the shop windows so that passersby
can interact with it. Non-interactive holographic screens in shop windows can be
coupled with artificial vision softwareto adapt ads based on the viewer's characteristics
(age, sex, etc.).