Canada has a population of 33.5 million people spread across its 9.9 million square kilometers. It is a federation composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories located in northern North America. Ottawa is the capital city. Winters across Canada can be harsh, with average temperatures near -15°C, dropping below -40°C with wind chill. Summers are milder along the coasts, with temperatures usually not exceeding 20°C, and warmer inland from 25-30°C. Annual rainfall averages 865mm but varies regionally, from driest in February at 58mm to wettest in August at 83mm. Canada's climate supports diverse flora and fauna, and features many national parks and iconic