The Pancreas

1. The Pancreas
Dr. Amaan
26th June 2021
Saturday

2. PANCREAS

3. PANCREAS
• The pancreas is a gland, lies at the level of L1-L2
• It is party endocrine & party exocrine
• Endocrine part secretes hormones, eg insulin
• Exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic
juices
• It is soft lobulated & elongated organ

4. LOCATION
• It lies transversely
behind the stomach
across the posterior
abdominal wall
• It lies at the level of L1-L2
.

5. Size and shape
• It is J-shaped or retort-shaped, set obliquely
• The pancreas is divided into head, neck, body and the
tail
• It is 15 - 20 cm long
• 2.5 – 3.8 cm broad
• 1.2 – 1.8 cm thick
• It weighs almost
around 90 gms
• The head is enlarged and lies within the concavity of
the duodenum
• The tail reaches the hilum of the spleen

6. Head of the Pancreas
• Head is the enlarged flattened right end of pancreas
• Situated within the “C-shaped” curve of the duodenum

7. Relations of Head
Three Borders
• The superior border
• The inferior border
• The right lateral border
Two Surfaces
• The anterior surface
• The posterior surface
Uncinate Process
It is related anteriorly to the superior mesenteric
vessels, and posteriorly to the aorta.

8. Three boarders
1. The superior border
• Overlapped by the 1st part of the duodenum
• Related to the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
2. The inferior border
• Related to the 3rd part of the duodenum and
• Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
3. The right lateral border
• Related to the 2nd part of the duodenum
• The terminal part of the bile duct and the anastomosis
between the two pancreaticoduodenal arteries

9. Location of the pancreas and parts of pancreas

10. TWO SURFACES
Anterior surface is related, from above downwards:
1. The 1st part of the duodenum
2. The transverse colon,
3. The jejunum

11. TWO SURFACES
Posterior surface is related
1. The inferior vena cava.
2. The terminal parts of the renal vein
3. The right crus of the diaphragm
4. The bile duct

12. Uncinate process

13. NECK OF THE PANCREAS
• Constricted part of the pancreas between its head and
body
• It is directed forwards, upwards and to the left
• Portal vein is formed behind the neck of pancreas
• It has two surfaces, anterior and posterior.

14. Body of the pancreas
• The body of the pancreas is elongated
• It extends from its neck to the tail
• It passes towards the left with a slight upward
and backward inclination.

15. BODY OF THE PANCREAS
It has 3 borders, 3 surfaces
Three Borders
1. The anterior border
2. The superior border
3. The inferior border
Three Surfaces
1. The anterior surface
2. Posterior surface
3. The inferior surface

16. Three borders
1. The anterior border provides attachment to the root of the
transverse mesocolon.
2. The superior border is related to coeliac trunk over the
tuber omentale, the hepatic artery to the right ,and the
splenic artery to the left.
3. The inferior border is related to the superior mesenteric
vessels at its right end.

17. Three surfaces
1. The anterior surface
• It is concave and is directed forwards and upwards
• It is covered by peritoneum, and
• is related to the lesser sac and to the stomach

18. 2. The posterior surface is devoid of peritoneum, and
is related to
a. The aorta with the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
b. The left crus of the diaphragm
c. The left suprarenal gland
d. The left kidney
e. Left renal vessels
f. Splenic vein

19. 3. The inferior surface is covered by peritoneum & is
related to:
1. The duodenojejunal flexure
2. Coils of jejunum
3. Left colic flexure

20. TAIL OF THE PANCREAS
• This is the left end of the pancreas
• It lies in the lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament together
with the splenic vessels
• It comes into contact with the lower part of the spleen

21. DUCTS OF THE PANCREAS
The exocrine pancreas is drained by two ducts
1. The main pancreatic duct
(duct of Wirsung)
2. The accessory pancreatic duct
(duct of Santorini)

22. DUCTS OF THE PANCREAS
1. The main pancreatic duct of Wirsung
 3 mm in diameter lies near the posterior surface of the
pancreas and is recognized easily by its white color
 It receives many small tributaries which join it at acute
angles forming V shaped pattern/ herring bone pattern
 within the head of the pancreas the pancreatic duct is
related to the bile duct
 The two ducts enter the wall of the 2nd part of the
duodenum, and join to form the hepatopancreatic
ampulla of Vater
 which opens by a narrow mouth on the summit of the
major duodenal papilla, 8 to 10 cm distal to the pylorus

23. The pancreatic ducts

24. 2. The accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini
 It begins in the lower part of the head
 crosses the front of the main duct
 opens into the duodenum at the minor duodenal
papilla.
 The papilla of accessory pancreatic duct is situated 6
to 8 cm distal to the pylorus.

25. Arterial Supply
1. Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
2. The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
3. The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

26. Venous Drainage of Pancreas
V
ein drain into:
1. Splenic,
2. Superior mesenteric and
3. portal veins

27. Lymphatic drainage
Lymphatic drainage follows the arteries & drains
into the
1. Pancreaticosplenic
2. Coeliac
3. Superior mesentric group of lymph nodes

28. • The function of the exocrine pancreas is to
produce pancreatic juice containing enzymes
that digest carbohydrates , proteins and fats.
THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS

29. The endocrine pancreas
• Distributed throughout the gland are groups of specialised cells
called the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans).
• The islets have no ducts so the hormones diffuse directly into the
blood.
• The endocrine pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon,
which control of blood glucose levels.
• Production of Pancreatic Hormones by Three Cell Types
 Alpha cells produce glucagon.
 Beta cells produce insulin.
 Delta cells produce somatostatin.

30. Thank you