The document discusses women empowerment in India. It provides historical context on the status of women from ancient to medieval to modern India. It outlines concepts, definitions, crimes against women, prerequisites and factors for empowerment. It also discusses rights of women, constraining factors, levels of empowerment including economic, social, political, legal and educational empowerment. Key government policies and schemes aimed at women empowerment are also outlined such as the National Policy for Empowerment of Women.

1. Women empowerment
Amala John
Ist year MSc nursing

2. CONCEPTS
 Vedic period: Scholars believe that in ancient
India(1500-1000 BC), the women enjoyed equal
status with men in all fields of life, had freedom
to choose partners for marriage. Daughters were
not considered as liability or unwelcomed guest
in the family
 Age of Manusmriti (500 – 200 BC): Women
were not given freedom at any point of time in
her life. Not marring a girl before the age of 14
years was a sin.

3. DEFINITION
The creation of an environment where
women can make independent
decisions on their personal
development as well as shine as equal
as in the society.

4. CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN
1. Domestic violence

5.  Acid Throwing
 Dowry

6.  Female infanticide and sex-selective
abortion
 Rape

7.  Sexual harassment
 Trafficking

8. PRE-REQUISITES OF
EMPOWERMENT
• Active participation in social economic and political
spheres.
• Process of decision making empowerment.
• Desired self-respect.
• Social dignity.
• Involvement of women in decision making process.

9. FACILITATING FACTORS FOR WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
 Acknowledging women’s rights
 Freedom to take decisions and make
choices.
A Access to education and employment
Opportunities for political participation
Existence of women’s organisations.
 Favourable media coverage


10. RIGHTS OF WOMEN
 the right to work as a human being.
 The right to the same employment opportunities,
including application of the same criteria for
selection.
 The right to free choice of profession and
employment, the right to promotion, job security
and all benefits and conditions of service and
right to receive vocational training and retraining.
 The right to equal remuneration.
 The right of social security as well as the right to
paid leave.

11. CONSTRAINING FACTORS FOR
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
• Heavy work load of women.
• Illiteracy.
• Traditional views limit participation.
• No funds.
• Disagreements/conflicts among women's
groups.
• Negative and sensational coverage of media

12. STATUS OF WOMEN IN
INDIA
Women status in three phases:
In ancient India
In medieval India
In modern India

13. Women Status In Medieval India
Medieval Period Sati system, child marriage, purdah,
devdasi, ban on widow remarriage

14. Women Status In Modern India
Annie Besant
1st female president of INC -
1917
Sarojini Naidu
1st Indian female president of INC - 1925

15.  next generation will be empowered
because of her.
 financial burden of man can be
shared with her support.
 family can be more strong because
of both working hands.
 when financial problems will be
shared than results of conflict.

16. LEVELS OF EMPOWERMENT
 ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
 SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
 POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
 LEGAL EMPOWERMENT
 EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT

17. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
 Economic Empowerment of women
 Poverty Eradication
by offering them a range of economic and
social options, along with necessary support
measures to enhance their capabilities

18.  Micro Credit
strengthening of existing micro-credit
mechanisms and micro-finance institution
will be undertaken so that the outreach of
credit is enhanced

19.  Women and Economy
Their contribution to socio-economic
development as producers and workers will be
recognized in the formal and informal sectors
(including home based workers) and appropriate
policies relating to employment and to her working
conditions should be drawn up.

20.  Globalization
Benefits of the growing global economy have
been unevenly distributed leading to wider
economic disparities, the feminization of
poverty, increased gender inequality through
often deteriorating working conditions and
unsafe working environment.

21.  Women and Agriculture
Concentrated efforts should be made to ensure that
benefits of training, extension and various
programmes will reach them in proportion to their
numbers.

22.  Women and Industry
comprehensive support in terms of labour
legislation, social security and other support
services to participate in various industrial
sectors

23.  Support Services
child care facilities, including creches at work
places and educational institutions, homes for the
aged and the disabled

24. POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
 The global average of women holding
parliamentary seats (18.6 percent) is far from
the target of 30 percent set in the Beijing
Declaration and Platform for Action.
 Many factors hinder women’s political
participation, such as
 political parties being slow to respond to Women’s
interest,
 under-investment in women’s campaigns,
 cultural barriers, and
 their domestic and social responsibilities.

25.  Indian Penal Code, 1860 :
 Section 304(b) -murder of women in connection with
demand of dowry.
 Sections 312 to 318 -miscarriage.
 . Section 366-A deals -procuration of minor girls for
sexual purpose.
 Section 376 -punishment for rape
 Section 498-A -women to cruelty by her husband or
relatives
 S. 509- punishment for uttering words and gesture or
act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

27.  FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION
 Access to health
 Drinking water
 Sanitation and hygiene facilities for women
coverage of all girls
 Higher and professional education for
girls/women
 Skill development

28.  Integrated child
protection scheme
 Vocationalization of
secondary education
 Higher and technical
education.

29. to address the specific vulnerability of each of
group of women in difficult circumstances
through a Home-based holistic and integrated
approach.

31.  Millennium development goals
 Ministry for women and child development
 National policy for empowerment of women

32. • National Policy For The Empowerment Of
Women ,2001
Goals and objectives:
(i) Creating an environment through positive economic and social
policies for full development of women to enable them to realize their
full potential.
(ii) The de-jure and de-facto enjoyment of all human rights and
fundamental freedom by women on equal basis with men in all spheres
– political, economic, social, cultural and civil
(iii) Equal access to participation and decision making of women in
social, political and economic life of the nation

33. Goals and objectives
iv) Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels,
career and vocational guidance, employment, equal remuneration,
occupational health and safety, social security and public office etc.
(v) Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of
discrimination against women
(vi) Changing societal attitudes and community practices by active
participation and involvement of both men and women.
(vii) Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development process.
(viii) Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against
women and the girl child;
(ix) Building and strengthening partnerships with civil society.

34. RAJIV GANDHI SCHEME FOR ADOLSCENT
GIRLS(SABLA)

35. NATIONAL MISSION FOR
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

36. MISSION POORNA SHAKTI
FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION
Access to health, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities for
women.
Coverage of all girls especially those belonging to vulnerable groups in
schools from primary class .
Higher and professional education for girls/ women.
Skill development, micro credit, vocational training, entrepreneurship
development.
Gender sensitization and discrimination.
Taking steps to prevent crimes against women and taking steps for a safe
environment for women.

37. SWAYAMSIDHA SCHEME:2001

38. .RASHTRIYA MAHILA KOSH
SCHEME
.STEP SCHEME

39. MAHILA SAMRIDHI YOJANA
.INDIRA MAHILA YOJANA
.BALIKA SAMRIDHI YOJANA
.SWA-SHAKTHI PROJECT

40. T
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