Sugar is a disaccharide composed of fructose and glucose that can be broken down into simpler carbohydrates. Excessive sugar consumption has been linked to several negative health effects like tooth decay, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates pleasure centers in the brain, and both sugar and drugs cause large dopamine releases, making addiction more likely. Reducing added sugar intake, especially from sugar-sweetened beverages, can help lower the risk of heart disease and obesity.

1. The Effects of Sugar
Amy Bae

2. What Is Sugar?
 Sugar is otherwise known as sucrose; disaccharide.
 It is a molecule composed of 12 atoms or carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen,
and 11 atoms of oxygen.
 Sucrose can be broken down into simpler carbohydrates /
monosaccharide; fructose and glucose.
 It is found naturally in most plants but mostly from sugarcane and
sugar beets.

3. The Effects of Sugar
1. Tooth Decay: Caused by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth.The sugar
we eat are what bacteria lives on.
2. Insulin Resistance:A condition in which the body’s cells become resistant to
the effects of insulin.
3. High Blood Pressure:When the force of blood flow is high, the tissue that
makes up the artery walls get stretched beyond its healthy limit.
4. Obesity: Having too much body fat.
5. Diabetes: Glucose levels are high and the hormone, insulin is not functioning.

4. “What Sugar Really Does To Your Body”

5. Interview with Mr.Coby
▪ Studied at Binghamton University (SUNY)
▪ Bachelor Degree in Biology
▪ Taken classes in Molecular Biology, and
▪ Nutrition.

6. Interview (cont.)
▪ 1.Why is excess sugar intake such a big problem today?
- Sugar promotes obesity in teenagers and adults. It‘s
readily available making it difficult to regular the
amount you take in.
▪ 2.What are some of the long term effects of over
consumption of sugar?
- Diabetes, hormone disruptions, an increase in the
chances of heart disease or cardiovascular disease.
▪ 3.What is dopamine?
- Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates the
brain to create positive feelings or controls the reward
and pleasure centers in the brain.

7. Interview (cont.)
▪ 4.What is the relationship with sugar and drugs
in terms of dopamine?
- Taking in sugar and doing drugs releases a lot of dopamine
making it extremely easy for people to become addicted.
 5. How can Americans start to reduce the chances of being obese?
- We should first start by having awareness at a younger age.We
should be taught how to make better choices in our diet because
by the time kids are teenagers, it’ll most likely be too late.
▪ 6. Is sugar the main culprit for obesity?
- Yes, although sugar isn’t the only thing that causes obesity, it is
more available for consumers unlike fat.
▪ 7. Are there any ingredients in foods that you avoid? If so, what
are they?
- I avoid foods that have artificial sweetness such as sucralose and
aspartame. I also avoidTrans fats and foods that have high fructose
corn syrup.

8. Word Cloud

9. Eating Too Much Added Sugar
Increases the Risk of Dying
with Heart Disease
▪ Added sugars make up at least 10% of the calories the
average American eats in a day.
▪ Over the course of the 15-year study, participants who took
in 25% or more of their daily calories as sugar were more
than twice as likely to die from heart disease as those whose
diets included less than 10% added sugar.
▪ Sugar-sweetened beverages such as sodas, energy drinks,
and sports drinks are by far the biggest sources of added
sugar in the average American’s diet.
▪ Other important sources include cookies, cakes, pastries, and
similar treats; fruit drinks; ice cream, frozen yogurt and the
like; candy; and ready-to-eat cereals.
▪ The other is that sugar delivers “empty calories” — calories
unaccompanied by fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other
nutrients.
-Julie Corliss

10. Follow Up
TV Shows: Sugar vs. Fat (BBC)
Movies: Fed Up (2014) Supersize Me (2004)
Books:
PureWhite and Deadly-JohnYudkin
Sugar Free Me- Naomi Kingery
TheWeight of the Nation (2013)
HBO

11. Questions!
▪ 1.What can sucrose be broken down into?
▪ -Fructose and glucose.
▪ 2.What are some of the long term effects of excessive
consumption of sugar?
▪ -HBP, Cardiovascular disease, hormone disruptions, etc.
▪ 3.What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain in the
pleasure/reward center?
▪ -Dopamine.
▪ 4.What are some examples of foods where sugar is hidden or
not well known to be in?
▪ -Granola Bars,Agave, Ketchup, Dried Fruit, Bread, FruitYogurt,
etc.

12. References
▪ Cohen, Rich. "Sugar." Sugar. NationalGeographic,Aug. 2013.
Web. 01 June 2014.
▪ L.D., Kristin Kirkpatrick M.S. R.D. "10ThingsYou Don't Know
About Sugar (AndWhatYou Don't Know Could Hurt
You)." The Huffington Post.TheHuffingtonPost.com, 30 July
2013.Web. 02 June 2014.
▪ Susan B. Dopart, M.S., R.D., C.D.E. "The Sweet Life: Protect
Yourself Against SugarToxicity and Diabetes." The Huffington
Post.TheHuffingtonPost.com, 28 Sept. 2012.Web. 02 June
2014.
▪ Taubes, Gary. "IS SUGARTOXIC?" The NewYorkTimes.The
NewYorkTimes, 16 Apr. 2011.Web. 24 May 2014.
▪ Leith,William. "The BitterTruth about Sugar." TheTelegraph.
Telegraph Media Group, 29 Oct. 0023.Web. 02 June 2014.

13. Thank You (: