HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
Psychology’s roots online
1. Psychology’s Roots, Big Ideas,
and Critical
Thinking Tools
*Be sure to read the notes below the slides in
addition to the material on the slides
2. Chapter Objectives
After covering this chapter, you should be able to:
Identify 4 big ideas that run throughout psychology.
Describe psychology’s current perspectives, and identify some of
its subfields.
Compare and contrast case studies, surveys, and naturalistic
observation, and explain the importance of random sampling.
Describe positive and negative correlations, and explain how
correlational measures can aid the process of prediction but not
provide evidence of cause-effect relationships.
Explain how experiments help researchers isolate cause and
effect, focusing on the characteristics of experimentation that
make this possible
3. Psychology’s Roots
Wilhelm Wundt – 1879
Psychology: the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes
Behavior
Mental Processes
Psychology’s sub-fields
4.
5. Critical Thinking
The Case of Andrea Yates
Read the case below and try to explain Andrea’s
behavior using as many perspectives as possible
on the previous slide.
Why did she murder her children?
6. Four Big Ideas in Psychology
Critical Thinking
Behavior is a biopsychosocial event
We operate with a two-track mind (dual
processing)
Psychology explores human strengths as well
as challenges
7.
8. Review
A newspaper article describes how a “cure
for cancer has been found.” A critical thinker
probably will
a. dismiss the article as untrue.
b. accept the information as a wonderful breakthrough.
c. question the article, evaluate the evidence, and assess
the conclusions.
d. question the article but quickly accept it as true if the
author has an excellent reputation.
9. Why do Psychology?
2 common flaws in intuitive thinking
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
10. How do Psychologists Ask & Answer
Questions?
Scientific method
Theory
Hypothesis
Operational definitions
Replication
11.
12. How do Psychologists Ask & Answer
Questions?
Description
Case study
The survey
Wording
Random sampling
Naturalistic observation
13. How do Psychologists Ask & Answer
Questions?
Correlation
Correlation coefficient
CORRELATION DOES NOT PROVE
CAUSATION
Illusory correlations
18. How do Psychologists Ask & Answer
Questions?
Experimentation
Variable
Random assignment
Experimental group
Control group
Double-blind procedure (eliminating bias)
Placebo effect
Independent variable
Dependent variable
19. Name the independent and dependent
variables
A researcher was interested in the effects of reward
on intrinsic motivation. Some children were told that
they would be given a special award for drawing
with magic markers (an activity they already
enjoyed). Other children were simply asked to draw
with the magic markers. One week later, the
children were unobtrusively observed for how much
time they spent drawing with the markers. The
children who expected and received a reward for
drawing with the markers were less likely to draw
with them later.
20. Review
Descriptive and correlational studies
describe behavior, detect relationships, and
predict behavior. But in order to begin to
explain behavior, psychologists use
a. naturalistic observations.
b. experiments.
c. surveys.
d. case studies.
21. Chapter Objectives
After covering this chapter, you should be able to:
Identify 4 big ideas that run throughout psychology.
Describe psychology’s current perspectives, and identify some of
its subfields.
Compare and contrast case studies, surveys, and naturalistic
observation, and explain the importance of random sampling.
Describe positive and negative correlations, and explain how
correlational measures can aid the process of prediction but not
provide evidence of cause-effect relationships.
Explain how experiments help researchers isolate cause and
effect, focusing on the characteristics of experimentation that
make this possible