Environmental degradation and its causes and major pollution

2. ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
Presented By
Amir khan jadoon
ROLL NO# 14-08

3. Content
• What is Environmental degradation?
• How environmental degradation occurs?
• Types of environmental degradation?
• Deforestation
• Desertification
• Emission
• Erosion
• Extinction
• Environmental degradation and pollution
• Soil
• Air
• Water
• Preventive measures?
• Conclusion?

4. What Is Environmental Degradation?
Environmental degradation is a result of socio-economical,
technological and institutional activities. Degradation occurs
when Earth's natural resources are depleted. These
resources which are affected include:
Water
Air
Soil
The degradation also impacts our:
Wildlife
Plants
Animals
Micro-organisms

5. How Environmental Degradation Occurs?
Urbanization
The Population Explosion
Intensification of agriculture
Increase in energy use
Increase in transportation

6. ..continued
High quantity of Exhaust gases
Secondary Pollutants
 High number of industries such as mining
 Chemical effluents
Unplanned Land-use policies

7. Types of environmental degradation
Emmision
errosion extinction
desertification
Deforestation
types

8. Deforestation
• Deforestation is the clearance of forests by
logging and/or burning. Deforestation
occurs for many reasons: trees or derived
charcoal are used as, or sold, for fuel or as
a commodity, while cleared land is used as
pasture for livestock, plantations of
commodities, and settlements. The removal
of trees without sufficient reforestation has
resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity
loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on
biosequestration of atmospheric carbon
dioxide. Deforested regions typically incur
significant adverse soil erosion and
frequently degrade into wasteland

9. Causes of deforestation
There are many root causes of
contemporary deforestation,
including corruption of government
institutions, the inequitable
distribution of wealth and power,
population growth and
overpopulation, and urbanization.
Globalization is often viewed as
another root cause of deforestation,
though there are cases in which the
impacts of globalization have
promoted localized forest recovery.

10. Desertification
Desertification is the degradation of land in arid and
dry sub-humid areas due to various factors:
including climatic variations and human activities.
Desertification results chiefly from man-made
activities: It is principally caused by overgrazing,
over drafting of groundwater and diversion of water
from rivers for human consumption and industrial
use, all of these processes are fundamentally driven
by overpopulation.
A major impact of desertification is reduced
biodiversity and diminished productive capacity, for
example, by transition from land dominated by
shrub lands to non-native grasslands

11. Causes of desertification
Desertification is induced by several factors, primarily anthropogenic
causes, which began in the Holocene era and continue at the highest pace
today. The primary reasons for desertification are overgrazing, over-
cultivation, increased fire frequency, water impoundment, deforestation,
over drafting of groundwater, increased soil salinity, and global climate
change.

12. Emission
When human or natural forces release
chemicals or other substances into the
environment, the process is known as
emission. Emission often causes pollution, for
example is caused when chemicals are
released into the air.
Many natural processes cause emissions.
When a volcano erupts, it lets out acid, and
acid, ash, and many toxic gases. When fires
break out in forests, they release smoke,
soot, carcinogenic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and
carbon dioxide

13. Extinction
Extinction when a species of animals or beings die out and don’t
have any more of there kind to reproduce so get forgotten and
cant comeback .
Causes of extinction
1- Habitat destruction and fragmentation
2- National and international wildlife trade
3-Pollution
4- Over harvesting

14. Errosion
• Erosion is the process of weathering
and transport of solids in the natural
environment or their source and
deposits them elsewhere. It usually
occurs due to transport by wind,
water, or ice; by down-slope creep of
soil and other material under the
force of gravity; or by living
organisms, such as burrowing
animals, in the case of bioerosion.
• Erosion is distinguished from
weathering, which is the process of
chemical or physical breakdown of
the minerals in the rocks, although
the two processes may occur
concurrently.

15. Environmental degradation and pollution
• Soil pollution
• Air pollution
• Water pollution

16. Air pollution
• Air pollution from vehicles,
power plants, incinerators and
industry is a major problem in
Asia. Outdated pollution control
technology and the use of high
polluting fuels compound this
problem.

17. Soil pollution
• Soil erosion is apart of land
degradation is caused by the
presence of chemical or other
alteration in the natural soil
environment.
• It is typically caused by
industrial activity, agricultural
chemicals or improper disposal
of waste

18. Water pollution
• Water pollution is the
contamination of water bodies
(e.g lacks, rivers, ocean, aquifers
and groundwater)
• Pollutants are directly or
indirectly discharged in to water
bodies without adequate
treatment to remove harmful
compounds

19. Preventive measure to Environmental
Degradation
•aforestation
•drip irrigation
•mixed crops or crop rotation
•stocking your land
•Purchase recycled products
•Conserve water
•Conserve energy
•Be an advocate to save our planet!

20. Conclusion
• The degradation of the natural resource base and environment is
started with various human and economic development activities.
• The government has now realized the need for concern regarding
environmental issues, and started incorporating environment into
policies dealing with various sectors.
• There is a lack of coherence among policies, and no holistic approach
to mitigate environmental degradation and conserve resources.
• It is important to develop a climate change adaptation strategy for
the country, particularly to mitigate impacts of extreme climatic
events such as droughts, floods, cyclones, and storm surges.
now people are also conscious about environmental degradation and
are ready against it.

21. Thank You