Drug dependence It is a physical or psychological condition resulting from repeated administration of mood-altering drugs. It is a state characterized by a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its euphoriogenic effects. If a mood-altering drug is unavailable, then the individual develops certain withdrawal symptoms. Physical dependence + Psychological dependence Drug addiction Drug habituation Drug abuse Habit-forming drug

1. Prof. Amol B. Deore
Department of Pharmacology
MVP’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik

2. Drug dependence
• It is a physical or psychological condition resulting from repeated
administration of mood altering drugs.
• It is a state characterized by compulsion to take the drug on
continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its euphoriogenic
effects.
• If mood altering drug is unavailable, then individual develops certain
withdrawal symptoms.
• Ex. opioids (Morphine, Cocaine, Methadone, Codeine, Heroine),
benzodiazepines, antidepressants, mood stabilizers.

5. Types of drug dependence:
• Physical dependence
• Psychological dependence

6. Physical dependence
• Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of
a mood altering drug, in which unavailability or discontinuation of a
drug causes unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms.
• Symptoms which may be experienced during withdrawal or reduction
in dosage include increased heart rate, blood pressure, sweating,
constant diarrhea, vomiting and tremors.
• Physical dependence can develop from certain drugs such as
benzodiazepines, opioids, and antidepressants, as well as the misuse
of drugs such as alcohol, opioids, and benzodiazepines.

7. Physical Addiction

8. Psychological dependence
• Psychological dependence is a psychic condition chronic use of a
mood altering drug, in which unavailability or discontinuation of a
drug causes emotional–psychological withdrawal symptoms.
• Symptoms which may be experienced during withdrawal or reduction
in dosage include a state of dissatisfaction, depression, a reduced
capacity to experience pleasure, or anxiety)

9. Psychological Addiction

10. Drug addiction
Physical
dependence
+
Psychological
dependence

11. Drug Addiction
Drug addiction is a condition resulting from strong
desire to continue taking mood altering drugs.
The patients become habituated through repeated
consumption of mood altering drug because it
produces a euphoriogenic effect.
Addiction is usually accompanied by
• compulsion to obtain the drug,
• tendency to increase the dose,
• psychological or physical dependence, and
• harmful consequences for the individual and society.

12. In general, addiction refers to a physical and psychological dependency
on a drug.
Drug addiction causes structural changes in the brain that distort
thinking and perception, specifically in areas related to behavioral
control, judgment, decision-making, learning, and memory.

13. Its characteristics include:
• An intense desire (compulsion) to
continue taking the drug and to obtain it
by any cost;
• A high tendency to increase the dose;
• A psychological and generally a physical
dependence on the effects of the drug;
• Harmful effect on the individual and on
society.

14. Commonly used and misused prescription drugs include:
• Opioid painkillers
• Benzodiazepines
• Stimulants, such as those used to treat ADHD
• Antidepressants
• Mood stabilizers

15. There are many adverse medical effects of drug addiction.
These include:
• Cardiovascular disease
• Heart rate irregularities, heart attack
• Respiratory problems such as lung cancer, emphysema, and breathing problems
• Abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea
• Kidney and liver damage
• Seizures, stroke, brain damage
• Malnutrition
• Insomnia and sleep disorders

18. Drug Habituation
Drug habituation is a condition resulting from the repeated
consumption of habit forming drugs.
"Habituation" refers to the state in which an individual continues self-
administration of drugs because of psychological dependence without
physical dependence.
• Ex. tea, coffee, tobacco, gutakha, mava, pan masala, cigarette etc.
• Withdrawal symptoms include weight loss, constipation, anorexia and muscle
cramps.

20. Its characteristics include:
• A mild desire (but not a compulsion) to continue taking the
drug for the sense of wellbeing which it produces;
• Little or no tendency to increase the dose;
• Some degree of psychological dependence on the effect of
the drug, but absence of physical dependence;
• Harmful effects, if any, primarily on the individual.

21. Differentiate between Drug
Addiction and Drug Habituation

22. Drug Addiction Drug Habituation
Drug addiction is a condition resulting
from strong desire to continue taking
mood altering drug because it
produces a euphoriogenic effect.
Drug habituation is a condition
resulting from the repeated
consumption of habit forming drugs.
Ex. Morphine, Cocaine, Heroin,
Barbiturates, opioid painkillers,
Alcohol etc
Ex. Tea, Coffee, Tobacco, Gutakha,
Mava, Pan masala, Cigarette etc
“Addiction” refers to the state by a
compulsion to obtain the drug
because of psychological or
physical dependence.
"Habituation" refers to the state by
self-administration of a drug because
of psychological dependence
without physical dependence.
A high tendency to increase the
dose;
Little or no tendency to increase the
dose;

23. A strong desire to continue taking the
drug and to obtain it by any cost; for the
sense of euphoria, hallucinations and
ecstasy.
A mild desire to continue taking the
drug for the sense of well-being.
Harmful effect on the individual and on
society.
Harmful effects, if any, primarily on the
individual.
If drug is unavailable then patient
develops moderate to severe
withdrawal symptoms
If drug is unavailable then patient
develops mild withdrawal symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms include hand
tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting,
hallucinations, anxiety, grand mal
seizures. insomnia or hypersomnia,
and psychomotor retardation.
Withdrawal symptoms include weight
loss, constipation, anorexia and muscle
cramps.
Drug Addiction Drug Habituation

24. Thanking You