2. Christendom 2/10
• developed from the Latin (Roman) word Christianus (late 14 century/1300s)
• Christian body, meaning the community of all Christians
• By the later Middle Ages, the gods of the Romans, Greeks, and Celts had
long since been forgotten, and Christianity became the universal faith of
almost all of the people of Europe. People did not think of Europe as a
distinct place until the Middle Ages had passed. Instead they spoke of
“Christendom”.
3. Pope 3/10
• from Latin: papa; from Greek: πάππας (pappas), a child's word for father;
is the Bishop of Rome
• The first record in history of the term "Pope" is assigned to Pope Heraclas
of Alexandria in a letter written by the bishop of Rome, Dionysius, to
Philemon: “τοῦτον ἐγὼ τὸν κανόνα καὶ τὸν τύπον παρὰ τοῦ
µακαρίου πάπα ἡµῶν Ἡρακλᾶ παρέλαβον. Which translates into “I
received this rule and ordinance from our blessed pope, Heraclas.”
• Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor of Peter, one of Twelve
Apostles (a messenger for Jesus), chosen by Jesus from his first disciples
(student of Jesus’)
Pope Leo III, 750-816 A.D.
4. Schism 4/10
• pronounced /ˈskɪzəm/ or /ˈsɪzəm/), from Greek σχίσµα, skhísma (from
σχίζω, skhízō, "to tear, to split"), is a division between people
• A schism arose with the Pope's claim to universal jurisdiction, total
authority over the Church (congregation/Christians). Catholics recognize
the Pope as a successor to Peter. Protestants contend that the New
Testament offers no proof that Jesus established the papacy (pope).
5. Anglo-Saxon 5/10
• Historically, "Anglo-Saxon" has been used for centuries to refer to the
Anglo Saxon language or Old English of the inhabitants of England before
1066
• Invading Germanic tribes (see helmet) in the south and east of Great Britain
from the early 5th century A.D. (401-500), and their creation of the English
nation
• The Angles, who may have come from Angeln in Germany. The name
England (Old English: Engla land or Ængla land) originates from this tribe).
• The Saxons, from Lower Saxony in Germany.
• Anglo-Saxon = those of English ethnicity.
6. Pagan 6/10
• Greco-Roman polytheism, polytheistic traditions in Europe before
Christianization, nature worship, animism.
• The term pagan is from the Latin paganus, an adjective originally meaning
"rural", "rustic" or "of the country." Describing the life of many people in
Europe at the time.
• Saint Valentine’s Day: The holiday's roots are in the ancient Roman festival
of Lupercalia, a fertility celebration commemorated annually on February
15. Pope Gelasius I recast this pagan festival as a Christian feast day circa
496, declaring February 14 to be St. Valentine's Day. According to legend,
Roman Emperor Claudius II had prohibited marriage for young men,
claiming that bachelors made better soldiers. Valentine, a priest, continued
to secretly perform marriage ceremonies; however, was eventually
apprehended by the Romans and put to death.
7. “Religious” War 7/10
• The label “religious” war is often (silent t) misused on purpose or due to a
lack of historical knowledge. Religion may play a role; however, further
analysis will show wars are in fact a result of struggles for power, nations,
resources or protection.
• Historically, places of worship have been destroyed to weaken the morale
(mental or emotional state) of the opponent, even when the war itself is not
being waged over religious ideals.
• Examples: Members of lndia’s Thuggee (origins of the word thug) sect
strangled people as sacrifices to appease the bloodthirsty goddess Kali,
the Witch Hunts in Massachusetts in the 1600s, Roman persecution of
Christians, Aztec Human Sacrifice. Each of these has a religious
connection; however, religion was not the root cause.
8. Christian Terms i/ii 8/10
• Saint: all Christians; Protestant (Lutheran, Methodist, etc.) prayers to the saints
are prohibited, divine prayer is only between people and God. While Catholics
may pray to saints to intercede or pray for those on Earth.
• Gospel: a written account that describes the life, death, and Resurrection of
Jesus. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the message of
the New Testament [an anthology of twenty-seven (a perfect cube 3³ = 3 × 3 × 3)
books written at different times by various authors]. The saving acts of God,
centered upon Jesus. Christianity emphasizes the Good News of salvation in
Jesus--the Messiah for the faithful, an echo of a prophecy from the Old
Testament (Torah).
• Abbot: is a title given to the head of a monastery, from the Aramaic word: Abba (not the
music group--“Dancing Queen”, “Mamma Mia”), meaning "Father". Jesus spoke Arabic
and used the word "abba" in references to his Father in heaven.
9. Christian Terms continued ii/ii 9/10
• catholic (lower-case c): The word catholic (derived via Late Latin catholicus, from
the Greek adjective καθολικός (katholikos), meaning "universal"). The term
"catholic Church" refers broadly to the Christian Church and all believers in Jesus.
Not referring to the Catholic Church (capitalized C).
• Eastern Orthodox Church: Development through the Byzantine or Roman empire.
Orthodox translates from the Greek to mean “correctly believing” or "correctly
glorifying" (from the adjective orthos = correct, right and the verb dokein = seem).
Considers the Catholic Church a schism because of the Catholic pope’s power.
• Western Church: The Catholic Church (capitalized C); For most of its history the
church in Europe has been divided between the Latin-speaking west, whose
center was Rome, and the Greek-speaking east, whose center was
Constantinople.
• Today, the distinction between Western and Eastern Christianity is not nearly as
absolute or separated, especially after the spread of missionaries.
10. Christian 10/10
• A person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic (Abraham-descendant of Noah's
son Shem), monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
(town where Jesus lived). "Christian" derives from the Greek word Christ, a translation of
the Hebrew term Messiah. The Greek word Χριστιανός (christianos)—meaning
"follower of Christ"--—comes from Χριστός (christos)—meaning "anointed one". Jesus
said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through
Me" (John 14:6).
• A person that faiths in God. English translators of the Bible incorrectly translated
the Greek word πισευω (pit-yoo’-o) (“to faith in”). It is a verbal phrase and was
incorrectly translated into the noun “faith”; like “to have faith”.
• Husbands: give honor unto the wife, Wives: submit yourselves unto your own
husbands, as unto the Lord, Parents: raise adults in the nurture and admonition of the
Lord, Children: *honor thy father and mother, For All: *love thy neighbor as thyself.
• Recognize the Bible as God’s word on faith and morals. Jesus, the “New
Covenant”/Compact/Relationship with God) ended or set aside some or all of the
Old Testament laws. (*A topic for much study and debate over which laws)
