evolution of computers from abacus to modern electronic computers

1. By ----------------

3. STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
COMPUTER
• Abacus (3000 years ago)
• Napier’s ‘Logs’ and ‘Bones’ (1614)
• Pascal’s adding machine (1642)
• Leibnitz’s calculator (1671)
• Jacquard’s Loom (1801)
• Babbage’s difference engine (1822)
• Babbage's analytical engine (1833)
• Hollerith’s machine (1887)
• Mark-1 (1943)

4. ABACUS
 Earliest form of bead and wire counting
machine.(around 3000 years ago)
 Discovered by the Mesopotamians.
 It consists of beads divided into two parts which are
movable on the rod of the two parts.

5. NAPIER’S ‘LOGS’ AND ‘BONES’
 John Napier-developed the idea of logarithm.
 Transferred multiplication problem to addition
problem.

6. PASCAL’S ADDING MACHINE
 Invented by Blaise Pascal
 Capable of adding and subtraction. The rotation of
wheels controlled the operations.
 Made up of gears and worked on clock work
mechanism principle.

7. LEIBNITZ’S CALCLATOR
 Gottfried leibnitz-improved the Pascal’s adding
machine and invented a new machine.
 Capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division.
 It used stepped cylinder instead of wheels.

8. JACQUARD’S LOOM
 Invented by Joseph Jacquard.
 Used punched cards to control looms-entire
operation was under a program’s control.

9. BABBAGE’S DIFFERENCE ENGINE
 Invented by Charles
Babbage in 1822.
 It is a mechanical
calculator designed to
tabulate polynomial
functions.
 Calculated logarithm tables
with high precision.

10. BABBAGE’S ANALYTICAL ENGINE
 It established basic
principles on which
today’s computers
work.
 Capable of
performing all four
arithmetic operations
and comparison.

11. HOLLERITH’S MACHINE
 Herman Hollerith fabricated the dream of Charles
Babbage
 He made the first electromechanical punched card
tabulator that used punched cards for input, output
and instructions.

12. MARK-1
 Prof. Howard Aiken- constructed an electro-mechanical
computer named Mark-1.
 It could multiply two 10-digit numbers in 5 seconds.
 This was the first operational general purpose
computer.