3. ..We need to take a look at a Bottle of
Crude Oil
WHAT‘S IN
THE OIL?
METALS
WAXES GUMS
ANTI-OXIDANTS
... And
There are FATTY ACIDSS
UNWANTED
NUTRIENTS.. OIL
PRODUCTS!
COLOUR STABILISERS
VITAMINS PEROXIDES
LIPIDS
TOCOPHEROLS
SOAPS ODOUR
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5. • What is bleaching ?
• Why is bleaching really done ?
6. • It is based on ADSORBTION
• it is Represented by an equation developed
by a great scientist Freundlich
log(x/m) = logK + nlogc
• Process will continue till Thermodynamic
equilibrium is reached
7. • Temperature should be maintained
between 90-110 degree Celsius.
• Contact Period of 20 – 30 min.
• Bleaching is performed under
reduced pressure
• Type and amount of bleaching Agent
highly influence the process parameters .
9. A : Bleacher A1 : Oil inlet
B : Barometric condenser B1 : Oil adsorbent outlet
C : Vacuum pump C1 : Steam inlet
D1: Condensate outlet
E1 : Bleaching Material inlet F1: Water Inlet
10. • Continuous process
: Crude Oil Inlet 1: Continuous bleacher
B: Oil-Earth suspension to be filtered 2: Earth tank
C: Bleached oil inlet 3: Earth dosing unit
D: Bleached oil outlet 4: Mixer
E: Water Inlet 5: Earth-oil pump
F: Steam Inlet 6: Heat Exchanger
7;Cooling unit 8;Condenser; 9;pump
11. • Fuller’s Earth-
• It is a natural clay which is very adsorbtive
• Mainly consists of minerals that belong
to the aluminium silicate family
• Main component is bentonite
12. • For most bentonites
necessary surface area and
pores need to be created
• Activation is done with acid
• Main component of bentonite
is montmorillonite
13. • Acid activated Bleaching Earth-
• Its Catalytic property is self explained by the acid
status.
• Its maximum importance comes with its property
of degradation of peroxide
• Results in the formation of trans fatty acids
14. • Activated Carbon -
•Can be derived from a variety of coal
• Contain micropores, mesopores & macropores
• It has a large adsorbent surface in a relatively small
volume.
15.
16. A closer look at Bleaching
VACUUM VACUUM
BE 1,4% TRISYL 0,1% BE 0,8%
Bleaching
Vessel full
SO
(eg: Palm Oil) WHAT?
100°C 100°C THATS
WHAT!
FROM REFINERY To DEO FROM REFINERY To DEO
FILTER FILTER
BLEACHER BLEACHER
40% Oil/60%BE
For a 200Kmt refinery, this
Using TriSyl with BE
will save $330K . .
Just by tweaking
. .
will result in ~$840K oil loss! BASED ON Adsorbent
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ACTUAL CASE Combinations!
17. Schematic TriSyl Schematic ABE
Massive Internal Low External
Surface Area Surface Area
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18.
19. Economic Model: TriSyl/BE Combination
Actual Case: TriSyl®/Spent/fresh BE/ Three Filters/92m2
Unigra Italy THEORETICAL ECONOMIC MODEL: Actual Case
TriSyl® - Physical Refining of Palm Oil/600 tons per day
ABE TriSyl® +ABE
TONS OIL PRODUCTION ANNUALLY 200000 200000 200000
DOSAGE ABE% 1,40 0,10 0,80
TONS ADSORBENT CONSUMED ANNUALLY 2800 200 1600
PRICE ABE KG/$ 0,36 1,00 0,36
% OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE 40 40 40
H2O CONTENT ON ADSORBENT % 10 60 10
TONS DRY ADSORBENT ANNUALLY 2520 80 1440
TONS OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE ANNUALLY 1680 53 960
PRICE CRUDE OIL $/KG 0,500 0,500 0,500
TONS FILTER CAKE DISPOSAL ANNUALLY 4200 133 2400
DISPOSAL COSTS $/KG 0,015 0,015 0,015
$ TOTAL ADSORBENT COST 1008000 200000 576000
$ OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE
$ TOTAL DISPOSAL COST
840000
63000 $600K!
26667
2000
480000
36000
TOTAL COSTS/SAVINGS 1911000 In total
by
228667 tweaking
1092000
TOTAL $ SAVINGS ANNUALLY WITH TriSyl® 590333
Adsorbents!
SJL Confidential