I had a chance to deliver a talk in Huawei Tech Day 2017 at University of Indonesia. I used this slide to discuss the connectivity options in IoT, from the technical perspective, while also discussed a bit of the potential.

2. Internet of
Things
Huawei Tech Day 2017 - Universitas Indonesia, SEP 29
IoT Connectivity:
The Technical &
Potential

3. IoT
Connectivity
Let’s start with a
DEMO

4. Demo Architecture
Tracker Dashboard
Edge-side Cloud-side
How?

5. Tracker
GPS
Module
Backup/
RTC
Power
GPS
Antenna
LoRa
Antenna

6. ATMEL
SAMD21
IMU Sensor
LoRa
Module
Battery
Sensor
Tracker

7. Demo Architecture
Tracker Dashboard
Edge-side Cloud-side
Magic?

8. Internet of Things
Connectivity

9. “Network of physical objects with embedded
electronics, software, connectivity, and people to
enable connectivity to exchange data, for
intelligent applications and services„
Internet of Things

10. Things Connectivity People & Processes
Data Data
Internet of Things
(Sensors, actuators, MCU/MPU,
network, energy, firmware)
(PAN, LPWAN, Cellular) (IoT Cloud, Machine Learning, AI)

11. CONNECTIVITY
is one of the biggest challenges
to creating a true IoT
…yet, it always fascinates me!

12. oh hi…
Before continuing…

13. fb.com/andri.yadi | a at dycode dot com
http://andriyadi.me | http://dycodex.com
Andri Yadi
github.com/andriyadi

14. x@dycode.com | http://dycodex.com
IoT & maker movement enabler
CEO
by DyCode

15. initiator ambassador

16. Proudly coder for
19 years
ASM, QBasic, Pascal, c, C++,
Java, PHP, Bash, C#, Visual
Basic, HTML, JavaScript,
Python, Objective-C, Swift
.NET, Qt/QML, Java ME/EE/SE, Android
SDK, iOS SDK, Node.js
ARM MBED, ESP8266, ESP-IDF, Arduino

17. Last Mile Connectivity Options

18. Communication Technologies - Overview
Mbps
Kbps
bps
10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km
Baud rate
Range
Wi-Fi / BT
Short Range LPWAN
ST Confidential
Cellular
-M
-NB-IOT
5G
850/1900 MHz
900/1800 MHz
Sub-GHz
2.4 GHz
WIFI/BT
Short Range LPWAN
Cellular
IoT Connectivity: Range vs Speed

19. Cellular
Range
Battery Life
LONG
SHORT LONG
Local network
(WiFi, ZigBee, Z-Wave)
Personal network
(Bluetooth)
Low-Power Wide-Area Network
(LPWAN: Sigfox, LoRa, Dash7)
Source: Alexander Vanwynsberghe, Blog article 'Long-range radios will change how the Internet of Things communicates'
IoT Connectivity: Range vs Power

20. LPWA
Designed specifically to support IoT

21. What is LPWA
Low Power, Wide Area Networks
Low data throughput = High
sensitivity = Long range
Relatively low cost
Multiple Access = One-to-Many
Architecture
Using licensed or unlicensed
spectrum

22. License-free/Unlicensed Spectrum
EC-
-m
Licensed Spectrum
LPWA: Technologies

23. Pros:
No standardization process, quick
to market
Easier to deploy for limited
coverage, even DIY
Relatively cheaper
Cons:
Interference: same block of
spectrum used by many
Limited coverage - No
international roaming
Unlicensed Licensed
LPWA: Unlicensed vs Licensed
Pros:
Supported by mature ecosystem
worldwide
Benefit from existing
infrastructure from telco
operators
QOS: less-interference
Cons:
Dependent on telco operators:
take time to deploy national-
wide

24. Disclaimer
Obviously, I can not go deep into each
technologies
15 minutes won’t be enough

25. Cost
Modules, deployment, operational cost
Usage Model / Licensing
SIGFOX – Required to utilize their public network
LoRa – Proprietary physical layer but open MAC
Regional Regulatory
Allowed frequency for ISM band
In Europe, duty-cycle is 1% for end-devices
Upstream/Downstream
SIGFOX – nearly entirely upstream
LoRaWAN – has 3 classes supporting different balances of upstream & downstream
Hardware & Network Availability
Is it available NOW?
LPWA: Selection Factors

26. LoRa?
For that… we’ll focus on…

27. Not this woman :)

28. Wireless modulation technology, based on
Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS)
Physical (PHY) layer for long range
communications
Operates in the license-free ISM bands all
around the world
• 433, 868, 915 Mhz
• Regulated (power, duty-cycle, bandwidth) E.g: EU:
0.1% or 1% per sub-band duty-cycle limitation (per
hour)
Sensitivity: -142 dBm, Link budget (EU): 156
dB
What is LoRa

29. ISM Regulation ISM worldwide regulation 7
Output Power vs Duty Cycle
Countries Frequency band review Max. output power
EU 868 MHz 14 dBm
USA 915 MHz 20 dBm
Korea 900 MHz
14 dBm
Japan 920 MHz
Malaysia 862 to 875 MHz
20 dBm
Philippines 868 MHz
Vietnam 920 to 925 MHz
India 865 to 867 MHz
Singapore 922 MHz
Thailand 920 to 925 MHz
Indonesia 922 MHz
ANZ 915 to 928 MHz
Taiwan 920 to 925 MHz
China 470 to 510 MHz 17 dBm
919 to 923MHz
923 to 925MHz
Indonesia: 923 to 925MHz (proposed)

30. Communications protocol & architecture
utilizing the LoRa physical layer
Freely available, specified by LoRa
Alliance
Star of Starts Topology. Nodes connect
to multiple gateways
Data rates are from 300bps to 5.5kbps
Device classes: A, B, and C
What is LoRaWAN

31. LoRa
LoRaWAN
Gateway Network
Server
Your
Application
Servers
Internet
(IP/UDP)Node
LoRa/LoRaWAN Architecture
MQTT
9B 09 05 24 4B
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D6 FF F6 FF F5
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D6 FF F6 FF F5
FF 2B E2 50 00
{
“lux”, 31.21,
“temp”: 23.21,
“lat”: -6.121,
…
}
Edge-side Cloud-side
Node

32. LoRa
3 - 5km
LoRaWAN
Gateway
Network
Server
Application
Server
Cellular
(3G/4G)Tracker
Node
Demo at the beginning uses
this Architecture
Makestro
Cloud
Edge-side Cloud-side

33. LoRa
LoRaWAN
Gateway
Bridge
Backend-side
Azure IoT Hub
Edge-side
Network Server
MQTT AMQP
9B 09 05 24 4B
1D 18 09 32 1E
65 A3 00 00 79
01 FF FF 55 B8
D2 BB AB 47 4A
00 C7 02 E5 FE
D6 FF F6 FF F5
FF 2B E2 50 00
9B 09 05 24 4B
1D 18 09 32 1E
65 A3 00 00 79
01 FF FF 55 B8
D2 BB AB 47 4A
00 C7 02 E5 FE
D6 FF F6 FF F5
FF 2B E2 50 00
{
“lat”, -6.2121,
“lon”: 107.218
}
Tracker
Node
Extend the processing into
Azure IoT Hub
{
“lat”, -6.2121,
“lon”: 107.218
}
Cellular
(3G/4G)

34. LoRaWAN
Gateway
LoRaWAN Node
Portable: battery
-powered,
GPS for accurate
timing

35. Get One at: https://shop.makestro.com/product/tracker/

36. Cellular-IoT
Licensed Spectrum for IoT

37. Cellular IoT (CIoT)
connectivity we NOW have
Fast, efficient
Up to 10 Mbps for 4G LTE
Ubiquitous coverage
Reliable & secure
Not designed for IoT in mind
High power consumption
Relatively expensive: modules,
data plan
Provisioning, manageability
Advantages Considerations

38. Cellular IoT (CIoT)
connectivity we WILL have
EC-GSM-IoT
LTE-M / eMTC
NB-IoT
Low data throughput
Low power
Low device & deployment cost
Extended coverage
Technologies Common Traits

39. LPWA recap
2015 2016 2017 2018
LTE-M
375 kbps
NB-IoT
20-65 kbps
EC-GSM-IoT
200 kbps
GSM
200 kbps
LTE CAT-1
10 Mbps
CAT-M1 CAT-NB1
Ultra Low Power
10-20 years lifetime
Deep Coverage
+18dB sensitivity
Low Complexity
75% Simpler
Immediate Service
Global Coverage
Durable Investment
Long-term availability
Trusted Ecosystem
Solid supply
Evolution of IoT Connectivity
in 3GPP/GSMA

40. LTE M1 AND NB1 WILL BOTH BRING VALUE TO IOT
Cost Bandwidth Mobility Power Latency Use Case
LTE M1 $8 - $15 100kbps
Supports cellular
handoff between
towers
Higher Tx
current,
—————
Short sleep
penalty
10 to 15ms
Low bandwidth
devices in frequent
communication
LTE NB1
(NB-IoT)
$6 - $12 10kbps
Does not support
cellular handoff
between towers*
Lower Tx
current,
—————
Long sleep
penalty (30s)
1.4 to 10s
Stationary sensors
transmitting several
times per day

41. u-blox SARA-N2xx Quectel BC95 Lierda NB05-01
NB-IoT Modules

43. PaketID
* Customization of our Magic Printer
Smartlock
WiFi & BLE-built-in Microcontroller
NB-IoT connectivity
GPS, GLONASS, GNSS
Motion sensor: fall detection,
significant motion alert
RFID reader: for docking activation
Buzzer & LEDs: for alert & notification
Battery-powered with battery gauge
Bike-sharing Smartlock
Developed by Banopolis & DycodeX
Supported by Huawei & Telkomsel

44. 1st NB-IoT Board in Indonesia
by DycodeX

45. Yes, it’s designed by DycodeX
by DycodeX

46. IoT
Connectivity
Potentials

47. By 2025, Huawei predicts 100 billion global connections

49. Opportunity around Connectivity:
For unlicensed spectrum: providing last-
mile connectivity by everyone, e.g: LoRa
Integrating connectivity options into
solutions

50. CLOSING

51. LPWA is NOW!

52. (arguably) a more accessible option,
NOW!

53. …or for Licensed Spectrum,
coming very soon!

54. How to start?

55. Use development board
+ modules!
http://shop.makestro.comRainbowrd by DycodeX

56. NB-IoT Dev Board
by DycodeX
NB-IoT Dev Board NB-IoT Arduino Shield
On Store Soon
NB-IoT SoM

57. An Indonesia Platform for Maker:
to “democratize” knowledge, hardware
kit, and software to help makers to start
making in hardware. To drive into
Internet of Things
Disclosure: it’s initiated by DycodeX

58. Learning
Shop
Community
Software
Projects, tutorials, videos, news,
professional trainings
Hardware marketplace from Maker for
Maker: kits, devboards, maker tools
IoT Cloud infrastructure, software
libraries, sample code
Offline meetups, seminars, training/
hands-on, IoT/maker challenges

59. makestroid
makestroid
makestroid

60. Andri
CEO
a (at) dycode.com
Get in Touch

61. DycodeX IS HIRING!
Interns are welcome

62. x@dycode.com | http://dycodex.com
IoT & maker movement enabler