GSM based Electrical Power theft detection

1. GSM based Electrical Power theft
detection
Department of Electrical Engineering
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Anwar Ali Sathio
Group Member
Bakhtawr 15EL05 (G.L)
Aneel Kumar 15EL15 (A.G.L)
Naila 15EL10
Mahaveer 15EL57
Urooj 15EL08
Rafay 15EL63

2. Contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Hard ware implementation
 Power supply
 Arduino
 LCD
 GSM Modem
 Current Transformer
 Load (Blub)
 circuit diagram of the model

3. Abstract
Power theft is a serious concern for public, for utility company and for government.
Power theft detection is hard to detect using conventional protection method, so an advance
protection scheme must which detect the tapping in energy meter or any theft by inserting a
foreign element in the energy meter. In this system, we use the Arduino and GSM module to
inform the authority about the theft.

4. Introduction
In future, Peoples can’t live without machine because the things like that through
machine their work can be done easier and more reliable in less time. When we see in our
society many peoples were dependent on the electrical appliances. Without electrical power
the electrical machine is dead. So electric machine need electrical power to perform is duty.
More use of appliances means they need more power for a long time in least cost, but due to
theft of power the cost of kWh increased.
In our country the ratio of poor peoples is more than the riches peoples so they can’t pay the
bills of utility but the need electrical power for their home appliances like energy savers, fans.
They have no another option to use the electric power that’s why they go through the illegal
manners.
There are many ways to use the power in illegal manners but the two techniques were most
use:
1. Direct hooking on the Distribution lines (DL)
2. Meter tampering
The 80% use of electric power theft is done by direct hooking on the Distribution lines (DL).
In direct hooking power is theft before the meter, means the theft power can’t be detected or
measured by energy meter. In the meter power is measured which is consumed by consumers
after the meter not before. Due to direct hooking which was an illegal technique, the illegal
power was taken after the meter and then consumed, important thing is that power cannot
measured and huge power losses occurs that’s why millions of rupees lost and it is faced by
distribution company, through that project we can control the power theft which is done
through the direct hooking on the Distribution line (DL).

5. Hard ware implementation
Power supply
A power supply is a component that supplies power to electric loads. In our circuit 220 V
AC is given as input to the circuit but 5V DC is required to drive it, so by using the following
methods we get our desired voltage level.
1) Step down transformer is used to get 12V AC.
2) Rectifier is used to covert it in to 12V DC, it’s not pure dc but contains ripples in it called
as pulsating dc.
3) So, the filter circuits are used to filter out these ripples and obtain smooth dc power. Here
in the circuit we use a capacitor as a filter.
4) And finally a positive voltage regulator chip 8705 is used to reduce the 12V DC to 5V
DC. Hence a fixed voltage is obtained.
Block diagram of 5 voltage regulated power supply circuit is taken as follows.
Each of the block is described below
1) Transformer
2) Diode rectifier
3) Filter
4) Voltage regulator

6. 1) Transformer:
Transformer is an AC electrical device which is used to transfer the voltage from one
level to another by electromagnetic induction at same frequency & little loss of power. In
most of the power supplies the step down transformers are used to limit the voltage at safe
desired value to prevent the components from damage. Here we use a 220V to 12V step
down transformer for our circuit.
2) Rectifier
Diode rectifier is an electrical device composed of one or more diodes as in the name
indicated. It is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
3) Filter
Filters are actually large value of electrolytic capacitors energized by dc supply act as
reservoir. It is used to remove the unwanted signals & provide smoothing. Both the smoothed
and unsmoothed varying DC signals are shown in circuit block diagram. Firstly capacitor is
charged at its peak of varying DC and then discharges as it supplies currents to its output.
Here we used a capacitor.
4) Voltage regulator
It is used to provide fixed DC output voltage supply from varying DC input voltage supply
(with small amount AC). It is used at the output of the filtered DC. It also used to reduce the
voltage from high DC level to level to low DC level voltage in circuits (for example we use
7805 to get 5V from 12V).
ARDUINO
The most common and widely used Arduino processor boards is Arduino UNO r3.
It is relatively inexpensive (about $25 - $35). The latest version is Revision 3 (r3):• Revision
3 added SDA and SCL pins are now brought out to the header near the AREF pin. SDA and
SCL are for the I2C interface o IOREF pin. Specification
Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V

7. • Uno Board Recommended Input Voltage: 7 – 12 V
• Uno Board Input Voltage Limits: 6 – 20 V
LCD
It is used to display voltages, currents of every phase and humidity, level, temperature
and other parameters of the hydrocarbon oil sensed through the sensors in transformer and
other electrical equipment’s.
GSM Modem
The proposed online monitoring integrates a global service mobile (GSM) Modem with
stand-alone single chip microcontroller and sensor packages.it is installed at the distribution
transformer site.
A GSM Modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a sim card and operates over
subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective. The term GSM modem is used as a generic term to refer to any modem that
supports one or more of the protocol in the GSM.
Current Transformer
A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure alternating
current. It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its
primary. Current transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are instrument
transformers. Instrument transformers scale the large values of voltage or current too small,
standardized values that are easy to handle for instruments and protective relays. The
instrument transformers isolate measurement or protection circuits from the high voltage of
the primary system. A current transformer provides a secondary current that is accurately
proportional to the current flowing in its primary. The current transformer presents a
negligible load to the primary circuit.
Load (Blub)

8. An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes electric
power. This is opposed to a power source, such as a battery or generator, which produces
power. In electric power circuits examples of loads are appliances and lights. The term may
also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. An electrical load is an electrical component or
portion of a circuit that consumes electric power. This is opposed to a power source, such as a
battery or generator, which produces power. In electric power circuits examples of loads are
appliances and lights. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit.

9. Circuit diagram of the model