3. Organon model
• Sign
Symptom: (something about the sender) (intention)
Symbol: (objects and states)(real events)
Signal: (interpretation, reaction,an expected answer)
4. Organon model
“Language and therefore discourse is a two way
instrument, an instrument for a speaker and a listener
or a writer and a reader”(Renkema, 2004)
Cooperative principle:
It concerns with politeness (rules)
5. Speech act theory
“Language is seen as a form of acting”(p.12) (ordinary
language philosophy)
This theory concerns about what people are doing
when they use language.
6. • UTTERANCES USED TO DO THINGS ARE
CALLED ‘PERFORMATIVE”….
• “CONSTATIVES” UTTERANCES USED TO STATE
THINGS ABOUT REALITY…
People do not only produce utterances containing
grammatical structures and words, they perform
actions via those utterances.
7. Speech act theory
• People do not only produce utterances
containing grammatical structures and words,
they perform actions via those utterances.
• Actions performed via utterances are called
SPEECH ACTS …
(apology, complaint, promise, or request)
8. • In many ways, the circumstances are the ones that
determine the interpretation of the Speech Act…
• e.g.
“The tea is really cold.”
9. Speech act theory
• The action performed by producing an utterance will
consist of three related acts:
Locution: What you say. The utterance itself
E.g. The coffee tastes great
10. Speech act theory
Illocution: Intention you have when you produce the
utterance. Request
E.g. The coffee tastes great
• to invite
• To offer
• or simply as statement of fact
11. Speech act theory
Perlocution: Reaction, response
The hearer, on hearing the sentence above might react
by accepting a cup of coffee if interprets the
perlocutionary act.
13. • The illocutionary force of an utterance is what really counts…
• The illocution is the focus of attention
“I´ll be back.”
warning
promise
prediction
14. ACTIVITY
• Give me an apple.
• It´s cold in here
• I need to talk to you
A: Oh, sorry. I interrupted you
B: Humm, Stephany, here is the thing. I really like
you
A: Oh no, here comes the speech…
Locution, illocution, perlocution
15. IFIDS
• Or, Illocutionary Force Indicating Device
“It can provide insights into the requirements that the locution
must mmet to ensure that the illocution takes place”(p. 16)
STRESS
INTONATION
WORD ORDER
e.g.
• You´re going (I tell you)
• You´re going? (I request confirmation?
• Are you going? (I ask you if…)
