1. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals

Packet 4: Igneous, Metamorphic & Sedimentary
Rocks and Minerals
This sandstone is
so cool, gritty and
aool…
I love sandstone,
Ps. I love rocks!!! …
I’m Lizzy
P.S. I’m Lizzy
Honors Earth Science
Ms. Gill
Note Packet #5
Name:_______________________ Per:____ Date:
________
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2. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
Rocks are classified according to the environment in which they _________________
Types of Rocks:
________________________ _________________________ OR ______________________
1. FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:
A. Igneous rocks form directly from the
______________________________
and ______________________ of
________________ molten rock to
form _________________ rock.
B. ______________________________
_ is the process when a liquid rock cools,
and it changes to a solid made of
_______________________________
You must know how to read this chart on page
6 of your ESRT! 
2. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:
2 characteristics that are used to classify igneous rocks
___________________________ 2. _____________________________
Texture of an igneous rock describes the size shape and ____________________
of the mineral crystals it was made from.
The _________ of the crystals depends on the ______________________________.
Slow cooling = ______________________________ (Inside earth, Intrusive)
Fast cooling = ______________________________ ( Lava, Extrusive)
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3. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
3. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:
_____________________ occurs when
molten (liquid) rock flows out of the earth
as
___________ and cools
________________ to form 4. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS:
fine or no ________________
________________ occurs when molten
To form magma _____________________ rock beneath the surface
must be melted. ________________ and cools
_________________ to form
Minerals melt at different pressures and __________________________
temperatures.
Igneous rocks of different
_____________, can form from the same
body of ________
LAVA = fine grained
5. FELSIC: 6. MAFIC:
Igneous rocks of the continental crust are Igneous rocks of the ocean floor are rich
rich in ____________ density , in ________________ density,
_______________ colored minerals. ________________ colored
( ________________ ) minerals. (______________ )
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4. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
Continental Crust Oceanic Crust
1. _________________________ 1. ___________________________
2. __________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. _________________________ 3. ___________________________
4. __________________________ 4. ___________________________
5. __________________________ 5. ___________________________
Use this diagram in your ESRT to answer the
following:
What is the temperature for the interface
between the following…
inner core and outer core?
_________________
Outer core and stiffer mantle? __________
Stiffer mantle and athenosphere? ________
Asthenosphere and lithosphere? ______
What is the depth of the interface between the
stiffer mantle and the outer core?
_______________________________
State the relationship between depth and
pressure
:____________________________________
________________________
State the relationship between depth and
temperature:
____________________________________
________________________________
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5. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
FORMATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
A Metamorphic rock is one whose original form has been ________________ by
_____________ and ______________.
This alteration is called ________________________. These changes are NOT
caused by MELTING. If the rock melted and cooled it would be an IGNEOUS ROCK.
Changes are caused by ______________________.
May include the creation and growth of __________________________.
Rocks which are intensely __________________can also become
______________________ rock, making it more DENSE and RESISTANT. The
growth of new minerals may cause the rock to appear ___________________ or
_______________ (stripes of light and dark minerals). It can also
_________________ (bend) or __________________ original structure.
There are two types of Metamorphism: a. ____________________
____________________
Contact Metamorphic: Is the zone of
Regional Metamorphism: Occurs over contact where an igneous intrusion meets
large areas with extreme pressures the existing rock but does not melt it.
and temperatures. The extreme heat Contact metamorphism occurs only at the
and pressure is what builds place where the magma
_____________________. ________________________ rock and
transfers heat via conduction.
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6. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
Any kind of rock: IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC can undergo
__________________________ to form metamorphic rock.
____________________ Rock: Is rock from which metamorphic rock is formed.
LIMESTONE metamorphoses to become ____________________.
SANDSTONE metamorphoses to become ____________________.
SHALE metamorphoses to become _________________.
We will NOT find fossils in Metamorphic rock because __________________
___________________________________________________________.
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7. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks originate from: _______________________
Sedimentary rock forms a thin ____________on top of existing rock.
1. Clastic:_________________________________________________________
2. Bioclastic: _________________________________________________________
3. Crystalline: _______________________________________________________
1. Clastic Sedimentary Rock: contain layers of _________________________
formed from the breakdown of other rocks. ( )
Characteristics of Clastic Sedimentary Rock ( ____________________ )
A. Varied particle size
B. Horizontal layers
C. Formed in water
Sedimentary rocks are UNLIKE loose sediments because sediments have been
___________________________ and __________________________ together.
Two examples of natural cement are: _________________ &
__________________
Classification of Sedimentary rocks is based on
______________________________or ____________________________.
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8. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
2. Bioclastic Sedimentary Rock: are formed by the
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
* Limestone is the accumulation of _______________ and __________________
* Coal is the remains of _____________ that accumulate in layers and become buried and
compressed for millions of years!!
3. Crystalline Sedimentary Rocks:
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from minerals that were _________________
in water. Minerals that were once dissolved are called
__________________________ and ___________________________
Crystalline sedimentary rocks are made of only one _____________________ and are
called ___________________________________
Examples include: ______________________ and ______________________
A fossil is evidence that a rock is ________________________________________.
Fossils are rare in ____________________ and ________________________ rocks.
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9. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
Use your Reference Table to answer the following questions:
1. Name 2 clastic sedimentary rocks: ________________ and __________________
2. Name 2 crystalline sedimentary rocks: ___________________________________
3. Name 2 bioclastic rocks: _____________________________________________
4. What mineral is limestone made from? ___________________________________
5. What mineral is coal made from? _______________________________________
6. What mineral is rock salt made from? ___________________________________
7. Another word for clastic is ___________________________ (see reference table)
8. Which clastic rock is made from clay sized particles? ________________________
9. Which clastic rock is made from many different particle sizes? _________________
10. Which bioclastic rock is made from carbon? ______________________________
11. Which rocks were formed from minerals, which were once dissolved in water?
________________________________________________________________
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10. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
MINERALS
1. Lithosphere is composed of _____________________________
2. Rocks are composed of _________________________________
3. Minerals are composed of _______________________________
The most abundant elements are _____________________ & ___________________
Minerals containing these elements are known as _______________________________
Minerals are
♦ ________________________________
♦ ________________________________
♦ ________________________________
♦ ________________________________
Review Questions: Use the back page of your reference
tables
1. What properties are most important in identifying a
mineral?
2. What property causes a mineral to break in a particular
pattern?
3. Which mineral would best be used in the manufacture of
glass, jewelry and electronics?
4. Which mineral would best be used in the manufacture of
cement and polarizing prisms?
5. Which mineral would best be used as a food additive and
to melt ice?
6. Describe 3 tests you can use to distinguish colorless
halite from colorless calcite:
(use your reference table)
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11. Unit 4: Rocks & Minerals Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #5
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
LUSTER:
Appearance of ___________________ reflected from a minerals surface
♦ Metallic: “shiny like a coin”
♦ Non-metallic (glassy, waxy, greasy, pearly, earthy, dull)
HARDNESS:
Resistance to being ______________________
Moh’s scale of hardness:
The scale is from _________ to __________ ( _________________ is the hardest mineral)
Larger values will scratch mineral of lower or equal value!
Hardness is due to the ______________________________________________________
CLEAVAGE:
Some minerals tend to break along one or more smooth surfaces.
Cleavage is also due to ______________________________________________________
FRACTURE:
When a mineral has no well defined cleavage plane.
Breaks in ____________________ jagged surfaces.
COLOR:
May be used to identify ____________________ minerals.
Many minerals have the ____________________ color.
Some minerals come in ____________________ colors.
STREAK:
Color of the _____________________ of a mineral when crushed or scratched across a
porcelain streak plate.
CRYSTAL:
The appearance that results from the internal atomic ____________________________.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
Equal to it’s _________________________
SPECIAL PROPERTIES:
* _____________________________ *_____________________________
* _____________________________ * ____________________________
* _____________________________ * ____________________________
A mineral containing _______________ will “fizz” when in contact with ____________
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