The document discusses the advantages of using machine technology and robots in manufacturing, including improved employee safety, product quality, and productivity. It specifically examines their use in Lego block assembly. The current manual assembly process has some weaknesses like unnecessary movements and inconsistent performance across workers. To address these issues, the document recommends implementing an automated assembly line using robots and conveyors. This proposed method is expected to improve quality, productivity, and savings by removing human errors and maintaining a constant production speed.

1. By: Group 5

2. Heizer (2011) stated that advances in technology that
enhance production and productivity have a wide
range of applications in both manufacturing and
services. He enumerated the 9 technologies that can
improve employee safety, product quality and
productivity. But among the 9 technologies, the use of
machine technology and robots will be given
emphasis to its advantages.

3.  According to Muther (1995), machinery and equipment is the
second in importance to the process of product or material.
 Features of the machinery includes production machines;
process or treating equipments; special attachments; tools
such as jigs, fixtures, dies, forms or patterns;
 The term “robot” is being identified as a machine that is
flexible and has the ability to hold, move and grab items.
 Heizer (2011) highly stated that the robots may be used
effectively to perform tasks that are especially monotonous
or dangerous or those that can be improved by the
substitution of mechanical for human effort.

4.  The application of conveyors can help in handling
and moving the materials from one location to
another.
 ISO defines industrial robot an automatically
controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose
manipulator programmable in three or more axes.
 The applications of industrial robots accomplish all
with endurance, speed and precision.

5.  Machine has always been viewed as unavoidable overhead
cost (O’Neill, 2007).
 When it comes to making changes with the design of the
workplace, only the designers of the machine have enough
knowledge
 O’Neill’s (2007) viewpoint emphasizes that the workspace is
not designed with the intention of supporting change.
 Neither the machines nor the management processes are
designed for change over time or to accommodate new
demands in the business environment.

6. The proponents made some observations in the process of the lego
blocks assembly, as being recorded in a VCR. Only one person is
being considered as the performer of the activity. The data gathered
were being analyzed and the weaknesses were being determined.
Books were used as the secondary source for constructing a micro
motion analysis, particularly the use of simo chart. The chart was
constructed as to the details of every operation. Other sources such
as electronic references were used as basis for formulating a
proposed method. In which, the weaknesses gathered were the
bases for generating proposals for improvement.

7.  The purpose of this activity is to assess the present method in the Lego blocks
assembly considering the 3 factors in improving the worker’s productivity where
it also answers the following questions:
◦ What are the unnecessary operations to be eliminated?
◦ What are the sequences of activities that need to be changed or
simplified?
◦ What are the advantages of preferring the use of a machine over
housing employees?
 Based on the findings of the study, what proposals could be recommended
improving the existing method of Lego blocks assembly.

8.  PRESENT METHOD Strengths
 Principle 16 : the height of the workplace and the
chair should preferably be arranged so that alternate
sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
 There was a provision of table and the chair for the
operator to work. It was seen that the design of the
workplace was made easy for the operator to perform
the work.
 Principle 15 : provisions should be made for adequate
conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first
requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
 The workstation was provided with enough light so
that the operator could perform the operation. The
lights are not only provided on the upper part as well
as the lower part, to have a good reflection.

9.  Principle 7 : ballistic movements are faster,
easier and more accurate than restricted
movement.
 The worker was able to perform the work
without demanding too much from the
operation. She was able to finish the
assemblies and the motions of the body were
free to move whenever desired.
 Principle 8 : the work should be arranged to
permit easy and natural rhythm whenever
possible.
 The arrangement of the lego blocks were
made easy to reach for the operator

10.  Principle 1: two hands should begin as well as
complete their motions at the same time
 Principle 2; the two hands should not be idle
except during rest periods
 Principle 3; the motions of the arms should be
made in opposite and symmetrical directions,
and should be made simultaneously
 Principle 18; the hands should be relieved for all
works that can be done more advantageously by
a jig, a fixture or a foot-operated devices

12. Overhead Quantity Price total benefit
Belt conveyor 1 1,894,578 1,894,578
Robotic arm 3 556,548 1,669,644
3,564,222

13.  VI. CONCLUSION
 In production, many companies have encountered
problems in meeting up the deadline in which the
products will be needed because the products to be
produced depend on the worker itself. There are also
problems in terms of quality assurance,for the
performance of the workers are not the same at all
times. Different workers have different performance
levels due to certain reasons and also due to
unnecessary movements there are lots of errors and
this will cause delays. Because of these, majority of
the production firms take it to action and thought of
a move that will address the problems and one of the
moves is the use of robotics.

14.  The use of robotics in the industry became very useful especially
in terms of production. According to Jordan Gaither, “Since the
invention of the moving assembly line by Henry Ford in 1913 and
robotics, the manufacturing process has never been the same,
producing massive quantities of low-cost goods at a speed never
before imagined possible.” This proves the increase in
production.
 In terms of quality, robots can improve the quality of the product
and the operations are performed with precision and high
repeatability. In production, the robots can work at constant
speed thus improving the productivity. In terms of safety, robots
increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory
roles, so they no longer have to perform dangerous applications
in hazardous settings. In terms of savings, though the robots
may be costly, it must be cheaper compared to hiring employees
to do the work which require a lot of benefits. The cost of robots
will be paid off in shorter period of time by saving the benefits
for the employees.
 In business, there are factors to be considered. It is not just
about the profit but also in the cost savings the company could
get. The respondents should venture to what is good for the
company, the workers and the people whom utilize their
products.

15.  The researchers recommend the application of the proposed
method in order improve the quality of the product and the
productivity of the company. The proposed method includes
the use of robotics in assembling the lego blocks and the
conveyor. The workers who used to be the assembler would
now be the operator of the robot in which the worker will just
turn on the robot of turn it off also the researcher
recommends to train the operator on how to manipulate the
robot(off and on only). Afterwards, the worker will go to the
packaging station to pack the products. The implementation
of this method will remove the unnecessary movements that
may occur and certainly improve the revenue of the company.
A good management and a regular maintenance of the robots
is highly recommended.