Renaissance

1. The humanism
PRINTING
PRESS
(Guttenberg,
1440)
CONSEQUENCES?

2. The humanism
PRINTING
PRESS
(Guttenberg,
1440)
CONSEQUENCES?
More quantity
Cheaper books
More diversity
Faster and wider…

3. The humanism
PRINTING
PRESS
(Guttenberg,
1440)
CONSEQUENCES
More quantity
Cheaper books
More diversity
Faster and wider…
importance

4. The humanism
PRINTING
PRESS
(Guttenberg,
1440)
CONSEQUENCES
More quantity
Cheaper books
More diversity
Faster and wider…
Importance
More books are
available
Not only rich
people will read
Not only
religious books
Ideas will
spread faster

5. With the humanism, there
is an increasing number
of critics against the
Catholic Church
Erasmo de Rotterdam
Is highly critical with the
“false religion”: he inspired
a more personal and spiritual
faith.
Tomás Moro, chancellor of England
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)

6. In the 16th century,
indulgences were
Sold, in order to build
A new cathedral in Rome.
If you pay money to the
Church, your dead relatives
will go directly to Heaven.
This was outrageous for the
Most of the humanists like
Erasmo of Rotterdam.
“When the coin enters in the box, a soul
Is leaving the purgatory and rises to God’s kingdom”
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)

7. In 1516, a monk and
University teacher of
Wittgenberg, Martin
Luther decided to
break with the church
because of the
indulgences abuses.
Luther is compelled to express his
Ideas in the Imperial diet, with the
Emperor Charles the Fifth. He won’t
Deny his new ideas and his critics
Against the Catholic Church.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)

8. The Catholicism of the Emperor
Charles V, moves Luther to be more
radical in his ideas. He is condemned
as heretic, and sentenced to
Death. However, he escapes and
burns the pope’s
Letter of excomunication.
Luther , translating the Bible into German.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)

9. THE LUTHERAN PRECEPTS
- People can make a free interpretation of the
Bible.
- The Pope is not a true representative of God
in Earth.
- Only two sacraments are legitimate.
- Faith, and not good works, will save. If you
don’t have faith, good works don’t count.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)

10. Calvin
Henry VIII
Trento
council

11. The Renaissance
• It began in Italy in the 15th century
and spread through Europe.
• It was based on the revival of the
classical heritage: ideal beauty,
proportion and harmony
• It was both religious and civil, with
popes, kings and rich families as
the main patrons.

12. The Renaissance: architecture
• Buildings were designed on a
human scale.
• Proportion and harmony.
• Churches, squares, palaces,
townhalls were built in this
stye.
• Features from Greece and
Rome:
- Dome (cúpula)
- Roman arch, square windows.
- Pilasters (pilastras)
- pediment (frontón)
- Frieze, columns and capitals.
- Roundels (medallones)
- Scrollwork (volutas) DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN ORDER

13. Italian Renaissance: Quattrocento.
DOME
ROUND ARCHS
NOT SO VERTICAL,
UNLIKE THE GOTHIC:
GEOMETRICAL
DECORATION
USE OF
MARBLE
“OCULOS”
(Rose window)
Cupole
LINTERNA
BRUNELLESCHI
Florence cathedral
Santa María de las Flores

14. Italian Renaissance: Cinquecento.
DOME
ROUND ARCHS
PEDIMENTS
FRIEZE
CORINTHIAN
CAPITALS &
COLUMS
Vegetal
decoration
Cupole
LINTERNA
MICHELANGELO
Saint Peter’s cathedral
PILASTERS
volutas
Square
windows
DORIC
ORDER
Detached
Human
sculptures

15. Italian
Renaissance:
Cinquecento
Stairs
“ Tambor”
Balustrade
BRAMANTE:
San Pietro in
Montorio
(early 16th century,
Very austere,
DORIC order)
Built in marble.
Religious purposes.
Pilasters

16. Italian Renaissance: Cinquecento
PALLADIO:
Villa rotonda
(Civil architecture)
Horizontality
Austerity
IONIC
ORDER

17. Italian Renaissance sculpture
DONATELLO
David
(Quattrocento)
Bronze
Importance
Of human body
Proportion
Ideal beauty
Serenity
Technical skills MICHELANGELO
David
(Cinquecento)
Marble

18. Italian Renaissance: painting.
Perugino (1482):
Christ giving the keys
To Saint Peter

19. Italian Renaissance: painting.
Perugino (1482):
Study of perspective
and simmetry.

20. Italian Renaissance: painting.
Ideal beauty
Serenity Depth, perspective
and scorzo
Classical
architecture
Religious
topic

21. Italian Renaissance: painting.
RAPHAEL:
The Athens
School.
Ancient Greece
opic

22. Italian Renaissance: painting.
RAPHAEL:
The Athens
School.
Ancient Greece
opic
Plato Aristotle

23. Rafael
plasmaba
serenidad en
su autoretrato
Y Leonardo usa
la técnica del
esfumato…
Italian Renaissance: painting
Leonardo da Vinci: Gioconda

24. Italian Renaissance: painting
Miguel Ángel (16th century).
Sixtine. Vatican.

25. Spanish Renaissance: Plateresco style
Decorative style. Gothic structure, Renaissance decoration.
½ 16th century. University of Salamanca.

26. Spanish Renaissance: Purismo.
Classical stage:
16th century.
Carlos V palace
Granada.
Harmony, equilibrium
Classical influence.

27. Renaissance style: herreriano
Second half of 16th century. Very austere and big proportions: El Escorial

28. Renaissance painting: El Bosco
El Bosco: El jardín de las delicias. Surrealism . 16th century, Low Countries

29. The Earthy delights
The paradise. Creation of
Adan and Eve
The decadence.
The animal parade

30. El jardín de las Delicias earthy delights
Details: the fall from Paradise.

31. The earthy delights: Hell.
Pleasure gives pain.

32. Brueghel, el triunfo de la muerte
2/2 16th century, Low countries

33. Death´s
Triumph
detalls

34. DURERO
(16th century,
Germany)
Self-portrait

35. El GRECO
Spain
16th century
El entierro del conde
Orgaz.