SCADA FOR GRID MANAGEMENT

1. . Presentation by A N I L G. P A T I L Area Load Despatch Centre, Ambazari MSETCL, Nagpur email: anilgpatil2@rediffmail.com 2010 SCADA Application in Grid Management

3. Formation of National grid NR-WR-ER-NER parallel operation NR SR ER+NER WR 400 KV Rourkela-RaipurD/C 220 KV Budhpadar-Korba T/C (1000 MW) Vin HVDC b-to-b (500 MW) Bhadravati HVDC b-to-b (1000 MW) Talchar-Kolar HVDC b-to-b (1500 MW) Sasaram HVDC b-to-b (500 MW)

9. SCADA for Power System Control

14. RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU 21 SCADA SYSTEM AT ALDC AMBAZARI SCADA SYSTEM AT SLDC KALWA RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU 44 EMS SYSTEM WRLDC 64 KBPS Leased line 200 Baud PLCC Links 200 Baud PLCC Links

15. S upervisory C ontrol A nd D ata A cquisition  Overview of SCADA System MPEB GEB GOA DC DC Sinaut Spectrum SCADA, Kalwa Sinaut Spectrum SCADA, Ambazari 13 RTU’s GPS . . Sinaut Spectrum EMS MMI Chandrapur – Padge HVDC SCADA TCI1 TCI2 ICCP1 MMI COM ADM .. ICCP2 . . . . . . . . . ICCP1 ICCP2 TCI1 TCI2 MMI COM ADM . . . . . . . . . .. Data Links 2 X 64 Kbps . . ULDC SCADA at WRLDC ICCP 6 x 64 Kbps OPF Link 9 IEC RTUs 1 IEC RTU Ethernet Hub / Switch Ethernet Hub / Switch . . . . . . . . . GPS 26 RTUs 4 Nos . 10 RTUs 7 RTU’s CSEB NA GCS MMI

17. Real time Data Requirements at LD Centre • Analog measurands • Active power MW • Reactive power MVAR • Current amps • Bus Voltages • Frequency • Transformer tap positions • Status Indications • CB • Isolator • Alarms • CB Trip • Bus protection • Station Battery failure • Communication failure Above data for own Network elements, interstate tie lines and important neighbouring state elements

18. S upervisory C ontrol A nd D ata A cquisition  Highlights of SCADA system ➲ Sinaut Spectrum SCADA functions are distributed among 64 Bit, RISC, SUN Ultra 10 Servers on LAN. ➲ 10 Nos. of IEC RTU are integrated in the system ➲ System supports Sinaut 8FW RTU protocol as well as internationally accepted IEC -870 - 5 -101 protocol. ➲ ICCP protocol based on international standards for data exchange between SLDC, Kalwa and ALDC, Ambazari as well as RLDC, Marol ➲ Huge memory capacity, faster speed and response. ➲ 200 % additional capacity for future expansion The Front End processor is capable of acquiring data from 35 Direct RTUs, However, with the usages of Data Concentrator 560 RTUs can be connected to each system.

19. SCADA System Set up SCADA and EMS SCADA DCs - 4 RTUs IEC–101 Sinaut 8FW RTUs IEC–101 Sinaut 8FW ICCP with PGCIL ICCP on 64 Kbps PLCC Communication Transducers Relays

20. SCADA Architecture for Control Centres WRLDC TPC & REL Protection Alarms from Numerical Relays GPS 2MBps Links ICCP Links IED IED Transducers

21. SCADA Functional Requirements • Data Acquisition FEPs, cyclic, spontaneous, Renewal Check old/new comparison, I/ state suppression,Plausibility Check,threshold • Data Processing Measured values, statuses,alarms • Analog value Gradient, limit check, sum, quality flag etc . • Logic operations Calc. rules using logic & functional operators . • Supervisory control Single & sequence switching, Check, interlockings • Tagging Manual updating , Notes for tag • Sequence-Of-Events (SOE) time stamp (msec) at RTU, Buffer • Data storage Archive duration and a storage period , modifications • Data Retrieval Query based application • Disturbance Data Pre- and post-disturbance conditions. ‘ Post Mortem’ • Disturbance triggers Excessive ACE, Freq diff., CB trip, combinations • SQL interface Operational planning, reporting, Excel • Data Exchange With other Control Centres , RDBMS Oracle

22. RTU Features • Modular, open and technology-independent system structure • Multi-processor system • Binary I/O cards suitable for up to 220VDC interface • Online parameter modification • LED's for indications of all process- and operating conditions • Secured internal communication • Storage of all parameters, configuration • Periodical & Spontaneous processing • time-stamping • Prioritization of Messages • Archiving of data • IEC61850 communication protocol with IEDs • IEC60870-5-103, MODBUS, or DNP3 protocols • High EMC • IEC 101/104 protocol • Auxiliary Supply 48 VDC • data transmission rates from 50 to 38400 bits per second • Support Local MMI over IEC-103 or 61850 • Local User Maintenance Interface

23. RTU Functions • communication with IEDs using selection of protocols • communication with Master station • General Interrogation Response • Exception Reporting • Message Security • collect analog data • acquire status indications • Sequence Of Event (SOE) Collection • Digital Control Output to field devices Two-state devices, Variable Output Devices • Internal Clock , GPS synchronisation • Availability • Expandability • Maintainability • Life span

24. SCADA Architecture • Main Backup Configuration disaster management • Dual LAN Configuration • Multisite operation uniform database • Functional Distribution • Redundancy for critical functions • Communication with other Control Centres over ICCP • System Security Firewall • Access Rights user & workstation specific • Online database modifications Test & implement • Remote MMI support • Expandable • Maintainable • High availability • Life Span

25. User interface Requirements • SLD Display system guide user • Window Environment overlapping multiple windows • Each window supports max min resize menu bar scroll • Panning , Zooming and decluttering • Operator Alarming audible, flashing • Snapshots • Topological Network Coloring de-energised, grounded • Curve Displays and Trending • Help Function • Summaries General, message, system, acknowledge • Notes attached to system elements, Edit store & retrieve • Tabular Displays real time and archieved values • Logs and Reports Periodic,predefined time • Report generation system Modifications, activation events,combination • Hard and soft copies

26. Software & Hardware Requirements • Administration and diagnostic tools performance, simulation • Time synchronization GPS, Master to all servers • Automatic system re-start/changeover Fault detection, errors,watchdog • Open System Standards • Operating System IEEE Posix Compliant • Application Software C, C++, Java ANSI Standards • Full Graphic User Interface Online data activation , Multi user sessions Undo, Logs, global figures • Servers single family • Workstations UI • TFT Monitors • Hard Copy Devices B/w Color • Cartridge Tape Units 40GB • LAN Switches • Video Projection System • Remote Terminal Units • Data Concentrators • Bay IEDs • Transducers • Local MMI • RTU Maintenance Tool • Comm. Interfaces Hardware At LD Centres At Substations

27. MW TRANSDUCER 800-0-800 O/P +/- 10 mA A.E. D.E. FWP 0 to 250 Binary value VFT 2.4 – 4 KHz PLCC 50 – 500 KHZ VFT 2.4 – 4 KHz PLCC 50 – 500 KHZ Tele Control Interface MMI L.D. Ambazari 220 RTU

28. 400 KV NE 400 KV NETWORK OVERVIEW

29. Typical Real Time Generation Overview Maharashtra State Power System Real Time Overview

30. NATIONAL GRID OVERVIEW

32. ADVANCED SCADA FUNCTIONS

35. Functions of NA Server Basic functions NA Sequence control NA operation/display routines Case Management External Network modeling Network Status processor Bus scheduler State estimator On-line Load flow Penalty factor calculation On-line Short-circuit Contingency evaluation Optimal power flow Voltage/Var scheduling Voltage/Var dispatch Emergency Constrained dispatch Active power Remedial action Active power Remedial action LAN

37. GCS Server Schedule Management System Unit commitment Hydro unit calculation Hydro thermal coordination Water worth Value calculation Interchange Transaction Evaluation Short term Load forecasting Reserve Monitor Economic Dispatch Production costing Interchange Transaction Evaluation Data Acquisition & Control Interchange scheduling Automatic Generation Control AGC Performance Monitor Energy Accounting Historical Data Management Man Machine Interface

43. IAP PSR Interlock Fault Identification/ Diagnostic Comments/ Advices/ Switching Sequence User Interface SCADA SYSTEM Input data O/P Report List O/P Report List O/P Result Expert System

50. Date : 09.11.2007 Time : 17:26 Hrs . Total Load shedding Withdrawn Being Diwali. The load of Marathwada Area To the tune of 1200 MW was being catered from following Sources : Total Parly Gen.: 750 MW Loading on Both 400/220 KV 315 MVA ICTs at Giravali s/s : 330 MW (560 Amps) 220 KV Pusad-Parbhani Ckt: 55 MW 220 KV Pusad-Nanded Ckt.: 125 MW NORMAL STATE Advice from Expert System : Watch out for any Gen. loss and ready for implementing conglomerated Load Management Plan for evening peak demand management.

52. Time : 18:17 Hrs Overload alarms on both ICTs occurred. Stage I alarm occurred at 95% of Full load Stage II alarm occurred at 105% of Full load Time : 18 : 23 Hrs Parly Gen. Unit 6 tripped. Total load on both ICTs reached to 1080 Amps. CRITICAL STATE Advice from Expert System : Carry out Distress load shedding in Nanded, Parbhani, Harangul area to the tune of 200 Amps to control the loading

54. TOTAL COLLAPSE Time : 18:28:20 Hrs Both 315 MVA ICTs tripped at 400 KV Girawali s/s Causing tripping of remaining gen. units at Parly TPS. Time : 18:30 Hrs 220 KV Pusad, Nanded, Parbhani s/s in dark. Affecting about 1200 MW load in Marathwada area DISTURBANCE Advice from Expert System : Advice for management for remaining existing loads. Switching Sequence for quick restoration

56. Conclusion . It is emphasized that SLDC institution, which is apex body for the grid operation in the state in coordination with RLDC, has an important and increasing role in operating the State Grid in an economic, reliable and secure manner and maintain coordination with the RLDC and all users of the grid within the State . To take correct decisions from Real Time System up-dation SCADA-EMS is necessary

57. Thank You…