A chapter in class 10th Geography book. PPT has more than enough elaborate information of the chapter.

2. By- Rahul Yadav

3. Content
1. Water – Definition
2. Water Forms and distribution
3. Types of Water Uses
4. Fresh Water Shortage
5. Water Use Problems and Conflicts
6. Increase water supply
7. Watershed management
8. Multipurpose water resource management
9. Conclusion and Recommendation

4. 01. WATER- DEFINITION
 Water is the marvellous substance which can be
beautiful, powerful and destructive

5. Water Physical Attributes
Water is found in three state
Solid
Liquid
Gas

6. Hydrologic Cycle

7. About 71% of
the Earth’s
surface is
covered with
water
02. WATER FORMS AND
DISTRIBUTION

8. Oceans
 Oceans is the largest area and volume of water contain
more than 97% of the earth’s water contain an average
of 35g salt per litre can we use after being desalination

9. Ice and snow
 Contain almost 90% of freshwater
 Is a much as 2 kilometre thick
 situated mostly in Antarctica 85% Greenland 10% and
other snow mountains 5%

10. Groundwater
 Groundwater is water in the rock and soil layer
beneath Earth’s surface
 Observe excess run of rain and snow on ground
 Return to lakes stream rivers and or marshes
 Is readily available for use and drinking

11. Lake
 Lakes are created from variety
of
geological events:
 Tectonic basin lake
 volcanic lake
 Glacier lake
 Ground water discharge lake
 Lake generated water from:
 Collection of water in low areas
 Natural or man-made dam(s)
 Rivers and streams

12. Lakes (cont.)
 Freshwater lake
 Contribute 91000 km3 (about
0.007 of totals earth water)
 Provide water for agricultural
irrigation industrial processes
Municipal uses and residential
water supplies
 Major freshwater lakes:
Caspian Sea Central Asia
Baikal lake Russia Tanganyika
Lake Easter Africa Lake
Superior U.S. And Malawi
Lake East Africa

13. Lakes (cont.)
 Saline lakes
 Posses 85,000 Km3 about
0.06% of total earth's water
 Saline lakes water cannot
be used due to high salinity
 Major saline lakes caption
Central Asia the great salt
lakes U.S. the Dead Sea
between Jordan And Israel
and Aral sea between
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

14. River and streams
 Rivers and streams are
bodies of glowing
surface water drive by
gravity
 Rivers and streams
contain only 2120 km3
about 0.6% of liquid
freshwater surface and
around 0.0002 %of the
earth’s water
FRESHWATER
LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS
45.7%SOIL
MOISTURE
23.8%
MOISTURE IN
PLANTSAND
ANIMALS
23.8%
ATMOSPHERE
4.8%
WETLANDS
1.3%
RIVERS AND
STREAMS 0.6%
LIQUID FRESH SURFACE
WATER

15.  World’s major rivers (based on average annual
discharge)
River and streams (cont.)

16.  Wetlands are areas of land Where water covers the
surface for at least part of the Year
 They are not as important as lakes and rivers for water
storage
 However they play vital role in:
 Erosion production
 Food reduction
 Groundwater replenishment
 Trapping nutrients and sediment
 Water purification
 Providing fish and wildlife habitat
Wetland and soil moisture

17. Atmosphere Atmosphere contains about 0.001% of total earth water
 It’s around 4% of air volume in the atmosphere
 Moment of water through atmosphere provide mechanism
disturbing freshwater two Terrestrial reservoir (in form of
rain snow , Hail...)

18.  Off-Stream uses
 Agriculture
 thermoelectric
 industrial
 mining
 domestic
 commercial
 In-Stream uses
 Hydropower
 Navigation
 Recreation
 Ecosystem support
03. TYPES OF WATER USES

19. Types of water use
 Basic assumption (by UN water )
70%
12% 8%
WORLD WATER USE
Irrigation
Industry
Domestic

20.  Agriculture
 Thermoelectric
 Industrial
 Mining
 Domestic
 Commercial
Off-Stream Uses

21. Agriculture
 Irrigation
 Crop irrigation consumption 2/3 of water withdrawal
 Evaporation and seepage from unlined irrigation
systems are the principle water losses
 There are three types of irrigation
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION FLOOD IRRIGATION DRIP IRRIGATION

22. Agriculture
 Livestock
 Watering livestock
 Dairy operation
 Cooling livestock
facility
 Dairy sanitation and
clean up
 Animal waste
disposal

23. Agriculture
 Aquaculture
 Raising fish
 Raising shellfish
 Raising shrimp anal
lobster
 Raising other
creature living in
water

24. Thermoelectric
 Water is used in production of electric power
 Thermoelectric is one of the largest uses of water in U.S.
 In 2005 it consumed about 201000 million gallons of water
everyday
 Thermoelectric occupied 49% of total Water used in U.S.
 both freshwater and saline water are used in thermoelectric

25. (c) Industrial
 Industry need water to cool down their machinery to a
temperature that allows manufacturing process to
keep going
 Water is also needed to clean machinery ,products,
and building

26. Industrial
 In 2005 .U.S. industrial uses were 83%(15000 gallons/
day) surface water and 17%( 3110 gallon /day)
groundwater
 In Cambodia rough estimation by water environment
partnership in Asia showed
 Major industry consumed 1000 to 2000 kyuPade
 Large industry consume hundred to 500 metre give per
day
 Medium small industry 50 metre cube per day

27. Mining
 Water is used for extraction of minerals that can be in
forms of :
 Solid : coal, iron, gold, sand -etc
 Liquid : crude oil
 Gas : natural gases

28. Domestic
 Domestic water use is consumption of household
purpose both indoor and outdoor
 In Cambodia , domestic water use was around 136
million metre cube that is 17% of total consumption
 Only people in Phnom Penh can Asus 252 water 85%
of 5 water was consumed

29. Commercial
 Water is used in businesses such as Hotel restaurant
market place and so on
 In a phnom , penh commercial use was14% of the total
total piped conjunction about 11480 metre cube per
day

30. In-stream uses
 Hydropower , recreation , navigation and ecosystem
support

31. Water availability

32. Water stress and water security
 Water stress
 Annual water
supplies is less than
1700metre cube per
person
 Water security
 Annual water
supplies is less than
1000 cube per
person
 Absolute security
 Annual water
supply is less than
500 metre cube per
person

33. 04. FRESH WATER SHORTAGE
 Population growth
 Lack of access to clean water
 Groundwater is being
depleted
 Climate change /global
warming
 River and lakes are shrinking

34. 05. WATER USE PROBLEMS AND
CONFLICTS
 Water overuse
 overuse in agriculture
 overuse in residence
 over used in community
 some interesting facts
 water needed to produce over
daily food
 40 litre to produce slice while
with bread
 70 litre to produce one Apple
 1300 to produce 1 kg of wheat
 3400 to produce 1kg of rice
 3900 litres to produce 1 kg of
chicken meat
 15500 litre to produce 1kg of beef

35. Water use problem and conflict
 Water conflict
 Control of water resources Where water supplies or assessed to
water is at the root of tension
 Military tool Where water resources or water system themselves
are used by Nation or state as weapon during a military action
 Political tool where water resources or water system themselves
or used by Nation state or non state actors for political goal
 Terrorism Where water resources or water systems are either
target or tools of violence or coercion by non state actors
 Military target Where water resources system are targets of
military action by nation of States
 Development disputes Where water resources of water system
are a major sources of contention and dispute in the context of
economic and social development

36. 06. INCREASE WATER SUPPLY
 Water conservation
 Development of
groundwater
 Desalinization
 Developing salt resistant
crop
 Developing drought
resistant crop
 Rain making
 Long distance water
transportation
 Improve integration of
water use of Water used
 Watershed management
 Watershed.

37. 07. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 watershed.
 A watershed is a connected series of stream rivers and
lakes that collect water from specific area of land
 Water shade are important Habitat for animals and
plants and offer a source of drinking and recreational
water for many communities

38. Watershed management
 Objectives
 The rehabilitation of degraded
lands
 The protection of soil and water
resources under the land use
system that produce multiple
products of the land
 Then enhancement water
quantity and quality
 Strategies
 Managing watershed land use
practice
 Managing riparian areas
 vegetation type conversion
 water harvesting
 water spreading

39. 08. MULTIPURPOSE WATER
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 Integrated water resource management
 Flood damage reduction
 Irrigation and water supply
 Navigation
 Recreation
 Environmental protection and improvement
 Water management engineering
 Reservoir construction
 Levee construction
 Dredging
 Stream drainage channelization

40. 09. CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
 Water resources is EVERYONE's concern!
 The consumption has been increased significantly due
to population growth
 Water availability is decreasing due to human overuse
and natural degradation
 Many sources of water have become an unusable
 Allegedly control over water lead to intra boundary
and trans boundary conflicts
 Effective water resources management and policy must
be implemented on both local and international levels

41. Tips on how to save water
 Increasing order is also start from all of us
 Don’t flash every time you use the toilet.
 take shorter showers
 Don’t wash your car so often
 Don’t let the faucet run while washing hands , dishes,
food or brushing your teeth.
 Dispose of used motor oil house hold hazardous waists
like batteries etc properly.

42. THANK
YOU