1. Time and Timetables
Prathomsuksa 6

2. Telling the Time

3. How many seconds are in a minute?
60

4. How many seconds are in an hour?
60

5. Vocabulary

6. clock
a device for measuring and showing
time, which is usually found in or on a
building and is not worn by a person

7. minute
any of the 60 parts which an hour is
divided into, consisting of 60 seconds

8. quarter
one of four equal or almost equal
parts of something; ¼

9. hour
a period of 60 minutes

10. midday
12 o'clock in the middle of the day

11. a.m. ( ante meridiem)
used when referring to a time between
twelve o'clock at night and twelve o'clock in the
middle of the day

12. p.m. ( post meridiem)
used when referring to a time in the
afternoon or evening or at night

13. Structure

14. Subordinating Conjunctions
A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes
called a dependent word or subordinator)
comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or
Dependent) Clause and establishes the
relationship between the dependent clause and
the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause
into something that depends on the rest of the
sentence for its meaning.

15. Notice that some of the subordinating
conjunctions in the table below —
after, before, since — are also
prepositions, but as subordinators they are
being used to introduce a clause and to
subordinate the following clause to the
independent element in the sentence.

16. Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after
if
though
although
if only
till
as
in order that
unless
as if
now that
until
as long as
once
when
as though
rather than
whenever
because
since
where
before
so that
whereas
even if
than
wherever
even though
that
while

17. Example:
The clock face doesn’t tell us if it is
before or after midday.
If it’s before midday and p.m. for after
midday.
When we reach an hour after the middle
of the day, we start counting again at 1.

18. minutes hand
hour hand

19. Telling the Time
When we write down or say the time we
use many ways.
If it is exactly on the hour we say o’clock
(of the clock).
Sometimes we say that part of an hour or
how many minutes have passed since the last
hour, how long before the next hour.

20. In this section we look at different ways of
writing times for example, ‘7:45’ is the same time as
‘quarter to eight’ or 15 minutes to 8.
On a clock face, this can be represented as
shown here:

21. Also remember that
one hour = 60 minutes
so that
half an hour = 30 minutes
quarter of an hour = 15 minutes
three quarter of an hour = 45 minutes

22. we use "past" to say times after the hour
until half past, or 30 minutes past the hour.
"to" to say times before the hour from 31
minutes until the full hour.
Be careful! In English we use at night
NOT in the night

23. five to
o’clock
five past
ten past
ten to
a quarter past
a quarter to
twenty past
twenty to
twenty-five to
half past
twenty-five past

24. 12- and 24-hour Clocks

25. This is a 12-hour clock.
When we reach an hour after the
middle of the day, we start counting again
at 1. The clock face doesn’t tell us if it is
before or after midday. We use
a.m. (ante meridiem) if it’s before midday.
p.m. (post meridiem) for after midday.

26. An easier, neater way to record the
time is the 24-hour clock. We carry on
counting the hours so that
1.00 p.m. becomes 13:00,
2 p.m. becomes 14:00 and so on.

27. 24
23
13
14
22
21
15
20
16
19
18
17

28. To keep it simple, use two digits for the
hour and two for the minutes past, separated
by a colon like this: 07:45

29. Time to do activity

30. Task 1
1. Direction: Change these times to 24-hour
clock times.
e.g.
If the time is p.m. in the 12-hour clock
we add 12 to the hours. 7.15 p.m. = 19:15.

31. a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
9 o’clock a.m. ___________________
7.15 p.m. _______________________
half past 3 p.m. __________________
quarter past 7 a.m. _______________
20 past 5 p.m. ___________________
quarter to 8 p.m. _________________
12 noon _______________________
10:30 a.m. ______________________
9:30 a.m. _______________________
5 to 11 p.m. _____________________

32. k) 20 to 5 a.m. ___________________
l) 25 past 6 p.m. __________________
m) 10 to 7 a.m. ___________________
n) 10 past 7 a.m. __________________
o) 9.45 p.m. ______________________
p) 1 minute to midnight ___________
q) 1 minute past midnight __________
r) quarter to 1 a.m. ________________
s) past 1 p.m. _____________________
t) 1 minute past 8 p.m. ____________

33. 2. Here is a train timetable using 24-hour
clock times. Fill in the 12-hour clock times.

34. depart
09:35
11:05
13:45
15:20
18.55
arrive
10:53
12:23
15:03
16:38
20:15
depart
arrive

35. Challenge
Think about the times of the day
that are important to you (when you get
up, eat, do things, etc.).
Write down these events and times
using both 12- and 24-hour clocks.

36. Time to check an answer

37. a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
9 o’clock a.m. ___________________
09:00
7.15 p.m. _______________________
19:15
half past 3 p.m. __________________
15:30
quarter past 7 a.m. _______________
07:15
20 past 5 p.m. ___________________
17:20
quarter to 8 p.m. _________________
19:45
12 noon _______________________
12:00
10:30 a.m. ______________________
10:30
9:30 a.m. _______________________
09:30
5 to 11 p.m. _____________________
22:55

38. k) 20 to 5 a.m. ___________________
04:40
l) 25 past 6 p.m. __________________
18:25
m) 10 to 7 a.m. ___________________
06:50
n) 10 past 7 a.m. __________________
07:10
o) 9.45 p.m. ______________________
21:45
p) 1 minute to midnight ___________
23:59
q) 1 minute past midnight __________
00:01
r) quarter to 1 a.m. ________________
00:45
s) past 1 p.m. _____________________
13:15
t) 1 minute past 8 p.m. _____________
20:01

39. depart
9:35 or
9.35 a.m.
11:05 or
11.05 a.m.
13:45 or
1.45 p.m.
15:20 or 18.55 or
3.20 p.m. 6.55 p.m.
arrive
10:53 or
10.53a.m.
12:23 or
12.23 p.m.
15:03 or
3.03 p.m.
16:38 or 20:15 or
4.38 p.m. 8.15 p.m.