First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.

2. Meaning of first aid
• First aid is the first assistance or treatment
given to a casualty or a sick person for any
injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an
ambulance, the arrival of a qualified
paramedical or medical person or before
arriving at a facility that can provide
professional medical care.

3. AIMS OF FIRST AID
• The aims of first aid are: 3 Ps
• To preserve life,
• To prevent the worsening of one’s medical
condition,
• To promote recovery, and
• To help to ensure safe transportation to the
nearest healthcare facility.

4. List of emergency situation
• Airway problems
• Accidents
• Breathing problems
• Respiratory problems
• Chest pain
• Choking
• Bleeding -Epistaxis ,internal bleeding
• Injuries
• Fracture
• Sprain

5. Continued
• Drowning
• Insects bite
• Snake bite
• Scorpions bite and others
• Dog bites
• Rate bites
• Burns
• Electrical burns/injuries
• Shock
• Stroke
• Convulsion
• Seizures
•Scalds
•Sport injuries
•Head injuries
•Stab injuries
•Heat cramps
•Frost bite
•Eye injuries
•Fire injuries
•Heat exhaustion
•Hypothermia

6. Administer first aid to a casualty who
is/requires -
• Unconscious casualty
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• Choking
• Wounded and bleeding
• Suffering from shock
• Discussion of specific work related injuries

7. DEALING WITH AN EMERGENCY

11. First aid treatment

12. Burns
• A burn is tissue damage from contact with:
• flames
• very hot water (scalding)
• corrosive chemicals
• electricity
• radiation (including sunburn)

13. What is a major burn?
• Major burns can be recognized by four primary
characteristics:
• deep
• result in dry, leathery skin
• larger than 3 inches in diameter or cover the face,
hands, feet, buttocks, groin, or a major joint
• have a charred appearance or patches of black,
brown, or white
•

14. What is a minor burn?
• Minor burns are recognized by the following
characteristics:
• less than 3 inches in diameter
• surface redness (like a sunburn)
• skin blistering
• pain

15. First aid for a major burn
• The first step in treating a major burn is to call 911 or seek emergency
medical care.
• Steps to take until emergency arrives include:
• Make sure you and the person who’s burned are safe and out of harm’s way.
Move them away from the source of the burn. If it’s an electrical burn, turn
off the power source before touching them.
• Check to see if they’re breathing. If needed, start rescue breathing if you’ve
been trained.
• Remove restrictive items from their body, such as belts and jewelry in or near
the burned areas. Burned areas typically swell quickly.
• Cover the burned area. Use a clean cloth or bandage that’s moistened with
cool, clean water.
• Separate fingers and toes. If hands and feet are burned, separate the fingers
and toes with dry and sterile, nonadhesive bandages.
• Remove clothing from burned areas, but don’t try to remove clothing that’s
stuck to the skin.
• Avoid immersing the person or burned body parts in
water. Hypothermia (severe loss of body heat) can occur if you immerse large,
severe burns in water.
• Raise the burned area. If possible, elevate the burned area above their heart.
• Watch for shock. Signs and symptoms of shock include shallow breathing,
pale complexion, and fainting.

16. Things not to do
• Don’t contaminate the burn with potential
germs by breathing or coughing on it.
• Don’t apply any medical or home remedy,
including ointment, butter, ice, spray, or
cream.
• Don’t give the burned person anything to
ingest.
• Don’t put a pillow under their head if you
think they have an airway burn.

17. Choking
• Choking occurs when a foreign object lodges
in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow
of air. In adults, a piece of food often is the
culprit. Young children often swallow small
objects. Because choking cuts off oxygen to
the brain, give first aid as quickly as possible.

18. First Aid treatment

20. AED &Defibrillator machine
application

21. Bandages and its uses

22. Classification of bandages

23. Continued

26. Different size and type of bandages

27. CHOKING REMOVAL TECHNIQUES

28. • The Red Cross recommends that all
first aid kits for a family of four include
the following:
• 2 absorbent compress dressings (5 x 9
inches)
• 25 adhesive bandages (assorted sizes),
also found within our Family First Aid
Kit
• 1 adhesive cloth tape (10 yards x 1 inch)
• 5 antibiotic ointment packets
(approximately 1 gram)
• 5 antiseptic wipe packets (
• 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each)

29. • 1 emergency blanket
• 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve)
• 1 instant cold compress, also found within our First Aid Kit
• 2 pair of nonlatex gloves (size: large)
• 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets (approximately 1 gram each)
• 1 3 in. gauze roll (roller) bandage
• 1 roller bandage (4 inches wide)
• 5 3 in. x 3 in. sterile gauze pads
• 5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 4 inches)
• Oral thermometer (non-mercury/nonglass), also within the Deluxe
All Purpose First Aid Kit
• 2 triangular bandages
• Tweezers
• Emergency First Aid guide

30. Step :1Open their airway
• If they are unresponsive, open their
airway.
• Place one hand on the casualty’s
forehead and two fingers under their
chin. Gently tilt their head back and lift
the chin.

31. Step :2Check their breathing
• Maintain the head tilt and chin lift,
and look for chest movement. Listen
for the sounds of normal breathing
and see if you can feel their breaths
on your cheek
• If they are not breathing, you need
to start CPR (cardiopulmonary
resuscitation – a combination of
chest pressure and rescue breaths)
straight away

33. Step:3Call for help and start CPR
• Call for an ambulance, or get
someone else to do it, or inform
bridge.
• Next you’ll need to perform CPR -
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
This involves giving someone chest
compressions and rescue breaths
to keep their heart and circulation
going. If they start breathing
normally again, stop CPR and put
them in the recovery position

34. Checking airway , breathing and
circulation

35. Step:4Giving chest compressions
• Kneel down beside the casualty on the floor level with their
chest.
• Place the heel of one hand towards the end of their
breastbone, in the centre of their chest
• Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand and
interlock your fingers, making sure you keep the fingers off the
ribs
• Lean over the casualty, with your arms straight, pressing down
vertically on the breastbone, and press the chest down by 5-
6cm (2-2½in)

37. • Release the pressure without removing your
hands from their chest. Allow the chest to come
back up fully – this is one compression
• Repeat 30 times, at a rate of about twice a
second or the speed of the song ‘Staying Alive
• Give two rescue breaths.

38. Step :5How to give a rescue breath
• Ensure the casualty’s airway is open.
• Pinch their nose firmly closed.
• Take a deep breath and seal your lips around
their mouth.
• Blow into the mouth until the chest rises.
• Remove your mouth and allow the chest to fall.
• Repeat once more. Carry on giving 30 chest
compressions followed by two rescue breaths for
as long as you can, or until help arrives

39. Step:6 recovery position
• If the casualty starts breathing normally again,
stop CPR and put them in the recovery
position

40. CPR FLOW CHART