2. Poverty is a situation in which an individual fails
to earn income sufficient to buy him minimum
means of subsistence.
The minimum means of subsistence includes:
(A)A reasonable satisfactory level of nutritional
diet.
(B) minimum level required clothing, housing and
furniture
(C)Minimum level of health facilities, clean water
and education.
What is Poverty
3. Poverty is a multi-dimensional for India. It needs to be on
a war footing.
Policies and programmes to
ERADICATE
poverty
GENERAL MEASURES :
1. The rate of economic growth should be raised.
2. Various beneficiary-oriented programmes need to be
strengthened
3. Providing minimum basic amenities.
4. Stability in price level.
5. Using labor intensive technique of production.
6. Development of agriculture.
4. The Govt. of India is dealing with poverty on two fonts:
1. Promotion of economic growth
2.Alleviation programmes
the various development programmes formulated by Indian govt. to
eradicate poverty.
I. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)
II. National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)
III. Annapurna
IV. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana
V. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
VI. National Food for Work Programme
VII.Public distribution system
5. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana(JGSY) was
started on 1 April 1999. The main aim of this programme was
development of rural areas.
i. Infrastructure like roads to connect the village to different
area, which made the village more accessible and also other
social, educational (schools) and infrastructure like hospitals.
ii. Its secondary objective was to give out sustained wage
employment.
iii. This was only given to BPL (below the poverty line) families
and fund was to be spent for individual beneficiary schemes
for SCs and STs and 3% for the establishment of barrier free
infrastructure for the disabled people.
iv. The village panchayats were one of the main governing body
of this programme
6. National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)
I. This scheme came into effect on 15 August 1995.
II. The scheme provides pension to old people who were above
the age of 65 (now 60) who could not fend for themselves and
did not have any means of subsistence.
III. The pension that was given was Rs 200 a month. This pension
is given by the central government.
IV. The job of implementation of this scheme in states and union
territories is given to panchayats and municipalities.
V. The states contribution may vary depending on the state.
VI. The amount of old age pension is Rs. 200 per month for
applicants aged 60–79.
7. I. This scheme was started by the government in 1999–2000 to
provide food to senior citizens who cannot take care of
themselves and are not under the National Old Age Pension
Scheme (NOAPS), and who have no one to take care of them in
their village.
II. This scheme would provide 10 kg of free food grains a month
for the eligible senior citizens.
III. The allocation for this scheme in 2000-2001 was Rs 100 crore.
IV. They mostly target groups of 'poorest of the poor' and 'indigent
senior citizens'.
Annapurna
8. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana
I. This scheme aimed at creating housing for everyone.
II. It was initiated in 1985.
III. It aimed at creating 20 lakh housing units out of which 13 lakhs
were in rural area.
IV.This scheme also would give out loans to people at subsidized
rates to make houses.
V. It was started in 1999–2000.
9. I. The NREGA bill notified in 2005 and came into force in 2006 and
further modified it as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2008.
II. This scheme guarantees 150 days of paid work to people in the rural
areas. The scheme has proved to be a major boost in Indian rural
population's income.
III.To augment wage employment opportunities by providing
employment on demand and by specific guaranteed wage
employment every year to households whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work to thereby extend a security
net to the people and simultaneously create durable assets to
alleviate some aspects of poverty.
IV.It will support the use of Information Technology (IT) to increase the
efficiency and transparency of the processes as well as improve
interface with the public.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act
10. I. The National Food for Work Programme was
launched by minister of rural development, central government
on 14 November 2004 in 150 of the most backward districts of
India with the objective of generating supplementary wage
employment.
II. The programme is open for all Indian poors who are prepared to
do manual unskilled labor work and are in the need of wage
employment.
III. It is implemented as a centrally-sponsored scheme.
IV. Food grains are provided to the States free of cost.
V. The transportation cost, handling charges, and taxes on food
grains will, however, be the responsibility of the States.
11. I. Public distribution system (PDS) is an Indian food
security system.
II. Established by the Government of India under Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution and are
managed jointly by state governments in India, it distributes
subsidized food and non-food items to India's poor.
III. This scheme was launched in India on June 1997.
IV.Major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such
as wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene, through a network of fair
price shops (also known as ration shops) established in several
states across the country.
V. Food Corporation of India, a Government-owned corporation,
procures and maintains the PDS.
