Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Flood project case study rk
1. Flood
B.Tech Seminar Report
Submitted By,
ANKIT KALARIYA (ER. NO. 12soecv11087)
Under the Guidance of
• Proff SANDIP MISHARA
Associate Professor
Civil Engineering Department
RK University, Rajkot-360020
2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar entitled “FLOOD” is a bonafide recored of the major
project done by ANKIT KALARIYA (Enrollment no.-12soecv11087) under my supervision
and guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering from R.K.University academic
year2015–16.
Ms.Trupti Parmar Prof. SANDIP MISHARA
HOD (Guide)
Dept.ofCivilEngineering Asst.Professor
Dept.of Civil Engineering Examiner 2
Examiner 1
Place: Date:
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Presenting the seminar report today remains an unparalleled even for me as it
recapitulates all my toils and efforts. It is a great pleasure to acknowledge
everyone who made it possible for me to achieve something, which appeared like
a Herculean task.
• Firstly, I would like to thank Prof. SANDIP MISHARA of Civil Engineering
Department, RK.University Rajkot,for imparting his valuable time for guiding
me. He gaveme his expert guidance, valuable suggestions, provided
reference materials, and continuousencouragement throughout the course
of myseminar work..
And also like to convey my deep regards to all the friends who always bestowed
upon me their goodwill, blessing and also provided me with the best of amenities.
ANKIT KALARIYA
(ER.NO. 12soecv11087)
5. Introduction
• Flood is overflow of excess water that submerges
land and inflow of tide onto land
• The flood is the result of runoff from rainfall and /or
melting snow in quantities too great to be confined in
the low water channels of streams
• A flood is usually caused by rain, heavy
thunderstorms, and thawing of snow
6. Causes of flood
Natural
• Intensity of rainfall
• Topography of the catchment
• Obstruction in river flow
• Sedimentation of rivers
• earthquake
• Contraction of river
Man-made
• Bank erosion
• failure of Dam
• Failure of river embankment
7. Causes of flood
Intensityof rainfall
• Whenever there is heavy precipitation over the catchment
in terms of intensity, duration and spread, the river will
carry high flow and thus results into flood.
• The intensity of rainfall in the catchment area is the main
cause of flood.
Topographyof the catchment
• Larger the size of the catchment more will be the flood.
• The catchment area with steep slope increases the run off
and also the sediment inflow due to high velocity of flow.
Obstructionin river flow
• Whenever there is heavy landslide in the river it may cause
flood on the u/s side due to arrest of flow and
consequently rise in the water level.
8. Sedimentation of rivers
• If the tributaries of the river carry heavy sediment load the
river bed goes on silting up gradually every year.
• It will affect the carrying capacity of the river.
Contractionofriver
• Inadequatewaterway at rail and road crossing will
affect river flow.
• While constructing road or railway bridges across a
river, the approach works are done on both bank
which reduce c/s of the river
Source : google image
9. Effectsof flood
SECONDARYPRIMARY TERTIARY
Due to direct
contact of flood
water
Due to result
of primary
effect
Due to combined
effect of primary &
secondary effect
Physical
damage
Disruption of
essential
services
Long term
effect
11. Effectsof flood
• Human Loss
• Property Loss
• Affects the Major Roads
• Disruption of Air / Train / Bus services
• Communication Breakdown
• Electricity Supply Cut off
• Economic and Social Disruption
• Increase in Air / Water Pollution
`Typeof flood
1 Coastal Flood
2 River Flood
3 Flash Flood
12. 1 CoastalFlood
- Low-lying coastal land are more prone to coastal
floods
- Caused by Intense Storms such as tropical storms and
tropical cyclones
- Tropical cyclones are also known as hurricanes
- Strong winds during these storms generate large
waves known as storm surge
- Storm surges can bring about higher water level and
cause coastal floods
2 RiverFlood
• Sudden increase in river’s flow (water)
• Water overflows the banks
• Leads to deposit of sediments on floodplains
• Caused by snowmelt, heavy rainfall, dam failure, etc.
13. 3 FlashFlood
• Sudden floods, lasts for a short duration.
• Caused by sudden and heavy rainfall.
• Can also be caused by Coastal and River floods.
Flood management
• Hard engineering
• (Structural)
• Soft engineering
• (Non-structural)
• Embankments
• Dams & reservoirs
• Channel improvement
• Drainage improvement
• Diversionof floodrivers
• Flood plain zoning
• Flood preparedness
• Flood forecasting
• Afforestation
• Public relief
16. Conclusion
Although flood is the most deadliest disaster still, but it
has some benefits like:
• Recharges ground water
• Fresh water flood help in maintaining food plain
ecosystem
• Boost in food production for birds
• Facilitation of weather fish to new habitat
Casestudy
Floodinuttarakhand
From 14 to 17 June 2013, Indianstate of Uttarakhandand
near by received heavy rainfall.
The rainfall was above benchmark which is above 375
percent.
A multi-day cloudburst ,centered on the state
Uttarakhandcaused devastating floods and landslides.
Due to Continuous Rain the Chorabari Glacier melted and
this triggered the flooding of the Mandakiniriver which
led to heavy floods near Gobindghat, KedarDome,
Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand.
17. LossandDamage
Around a million people affected
6000 reported dead or missing
4200 villages affected
10,000 cattle livestock lost
3500 houses totally or partially damaged
80% of the people in the productive age (shop owners,
laborers working in petty shops, mule owners, laborers,
palanquinbearers)
