The female reproductive system is composed of a pair of ovaries along with oviducts, vagina, cervix, uterus , and external organ that are located in the pelvic region.
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Female Reproductive system Slideshare
1. B.Pharma 2nd sem
Compiled by:
Mr Ankit Kulpare
Assistant professor
Department of pharmaceutics
Lakshmi Narain College Of Pharmacy 1
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2. Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
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Produce eggs
and female
hormones
Ovaries Fallopian
tubes
Where sperm
meet egg
Uterus Baby grows
here
cervix Dilates in Labor
vagina
Allows for
childbirth
intercourse and
menstrual flow
3. The Female Reproductive System :
Function of female reproductive system
Hormone secretion: The ovaries secondary oocytes and hormones ,including progesterone
and estrogens (female sex hormones ), inhibin ,and relaxin.
Ovulation
Fertilisation
Pregnancy
Birth and child care
The mammary glands synthesize , secrete , and eject milk for nourishment of the newborn.
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Reproductive system
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Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
Female reproductive system consists of a pair of
ovaries.
A duct system consisting of a pair of
fallopian tubes (oviducts).
A uterus ,cervix and vagina.
A pair of mammary glands.
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Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
Primary female sex organ.
A pair of female gonads , which are mesodermally
developed structure , and we are the primary ,and
essential sex organs.
They produce female gamete (ovum) and several
steroid hormones (ovarian hormones)
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Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
Size :2-4 cm in length .
Shape: oval –shaped
Location : located one on each side of the
lower abdomen ,and are connected to the
Pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments (dense
irregular fibrous connective tissue proper.)
7. Reproductive system
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The Female Reproductive System :
Ovary is covered by a thin epithelium or germinal (simple cuboidal epithelium),which
encloses the ovarian stroma (areolar vascular connective tissue proper ).
Stroma is further divided in to peripheral cortex and inner medulla.
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Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
the cortex contains numerous spherical or oval ,sac –like masses of cells known as
ovarian follicles .
medulla consist of loose connective tissue, elastic fibres ,numerous blood vessels
and some smooth muscles fibres.
9. Reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System :
•Internal structure of ovarian follicle
the ovarian follicle contains a large ,centrally placed ovum, surrounded by several layers
of granular cells.
it is suspended in a small cavity called the antrum . Antrum is filled with a flied known
as Liquor folliculi.
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Reproductive system
Accessory Female Reproductive System:
These are studied first by Falloppio.
Length : 10-12 cm each
Lining: simple ciliated columnar epithelium
, and their cilia show bidirectional movement.
It extends from the periphery of each ovary to
the uterus.
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Reproductive system
Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Funnel- shaped opening (infundibulum /
ostium)hangs over the ovary in the form of a
hood .
Edges of infundibulum possess finger –like
projections as fimbriae, which help in collection
of ovum after ovulation .
Infundibulum leads to a wider part a oviduct ,
known as Ampulla.
Isthmus :the last narrow part of oviduct.
Note: Junction of the isthmus and ampulla (ampullary –isthmic junction ) of the
fallopian tube represents the actual site of fertilization.
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Reproductive system
Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Uterus (Hysteria/Womb):
Inverted pear shaped structure ,rest
upon the top of urinary bladder.
It is supported by ligaments attached
to pelvic wall.
Human female carries simplex uterus
(single uterine cavity)
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Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Dimension : 7 x 5 x 3 cm, weight 60 gm in
non - pregnant female.
Wall of uterus carries following three layers:
Perimetrium
Mayometrium
Endometrium
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Reproductive system
Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Endometrium is the innermost glandular layer.
• Stratum Basal : It is the outer layer ,lies towards
mayometrium . It is 0.5 mm thick ,and
carries connective tissue and straight arterioles.
•Stratum functional : innermost layer of uterine
wall and it carries connective tissues , spiral
arteriole and the lining of simple columnar
epithelium. It has thickness of 4.5 mm
Mayometrium : It is the middle layer of uterus.
Made up of smooth muscle fibre, areolar tissue ,
Blood vessels and nerve. Present on uterine wall
Perimetrium :it is the outer layer.
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Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Uterine muscles are the strongest and
largest smooth muscles of body.
Endometrium undergoes cyclical changes
during menstrual cycle ,and is passed out as
menstrual blood every month, in the absence
of progesterone.
18. Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Fundus : It is upper ,dome –shaped part
above the opening of fallopian tubes.
Corpus /Body : It is the middle and main
part of uterus.
Cervix: It is lower narrow part which
opens in body of uterus by internal os and in
vagina below by external os.
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Reproductive system
19. Accessory Female Reproductive System:
It is mainly formed of the most powerful
sphincter muscles in the body.
The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal
which along with vagina forms the birth canal.
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Reproductive system
20. Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Vagina:
Highly distensible muscular structure.
The vaginal environment is strongly
acidic due to presence of excess of lactic acid.
It opens to outside by vagina orifice (opening).
Which is located in between urethral orifice and
anal orifice.
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21. Accessory Female Reproductive System:
External genitalia/ Vulva:
Mons pubis :It is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.
Labia Majora:
These are fleshy folds of tissue ,which are also known as major lips.
They extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening.
They carry sweat glands, sebaceous glands and pubic hairs.
Labia minora :
These are two smaller folds of skin between the labia majora ,containing
numerous sebaceous glands, the cleft between the labia minors is the
vestibule. The vagina , urethra and ducts of greater vestibular glands open
in to the vestibule.
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Reproductive system
Accessory Female Reproductive System:
Clitoris :
It is a tiny finger – like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora
above the urethral opening.
It is the most sensitive sexual part of female’s body and is regarded as equivalent to gland
penis of male.
Hymen
The hymen is a thin layer of mucous membrane which partially occludes the opening of the
vagina.It is normally incomplete to allow for passage of menstrual flow.
Vestibular gland /Bartholin’s glands:
The vestibular glands ( Bartholin glands ) are situated one on each side near the vagina
opening. They are about the size of a small pea and have ducts, opening in to the vestibule
immediately lateral to the attachment of the hymen. They secrete mucus that keeps the vulva
moist.
