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Abdo, smp, msk, vasc routine exams anatomy
- 1. Sirpa Falk MCR EMEA BL US December 29, 2011 Routine exams Abdomen, Small parts, Msk & Vascular
- 2. 2 Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy • The abdominal exam generally includes the examination of the following: – Liver – Gallbladder – Right and Left Kidneys – Spleen – Pancreas – Aorta – IVC (inferior vena cava)
- 3. 3 Philips C5-1 • C5-1 / C9-4 – Wide far-field of view – Wider near field than phased – Supports multiple modalities • S5-1 – When greater penetration is needed Philips C9-4 Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging – Transducers Philips S5-1
- 4. 4 Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy • Liver – Located inferior to the right 7th and 11th ribs – Changes position with inspiration Right Lobe Left Lobe
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- 7. 7 • Diffuse liver disease –Cirrhosis (a condition in which the liver becomes scarred and fibrous, thus reducing its ability to function –Fatty Liver disease –In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common causes. Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
- 8. 8 Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy • Liver transplant evaluations
- 9. 9 • Liver Disease: – Benign and malignant neoplasms – Metastatic disease – Liver abscess Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
- 10. 10 Liver: Normal and abnormal blood flow. • Portal Veins – Shows a monophasic flow pattern – Flows continuously in to the liver – Direction of flow is termed hepatopedal – With traditional color flow orientation, it should be encoded red • Hepatic vein – Traditional color flow orientation is encoded blue • Hepatic artery – Might be mistaken for the CBD
- 11. 11 • Liver Vasculature – Hepatic veins – Hepatic artery – Portal Vein Portal Vein Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
- 12. 13 • Gallbladder and Bile Ducts – Most common reason for gallbladder disease is gallstones – Gallstones are solid stones formed in the gall bladder from cholesterol and bile salts Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
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- 16. 18 • Kidneys Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy Long axis or sagittal view
- 17. 19 Transverse view Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy • Kidneys
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- 20. 22 Philips HD11 XE Ultrasound System
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- 22. 24 Introduction to Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy • Pancreas – Pancreatitis – Pancreatic carcinoma – Pseudocysts
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- 24. 27 Spleen: Physiology • Large mass of lymphatic tissue • Not essential for life • Filters – Blood – From Antibodies • Breakdown hemoglobin • Reservoir for blood • Blood formation for fetuses and severe anemia.
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- 28. 31 CHa Spa Ca
- 29. 32 Introduction to Ultrasound Small Parts Overview • Imaging of: – breasts, thyroid and testicles • Performed to: – Assess lumps or other abnormalities – Guide interventional procedures • Use linear transducer – High frequency – Increased resolution Philips L12-5
- 30. 33 Introduction to Ultrasound Small Parts Overview - Thyroid Scanning Demonstration
- 31. 34 Introduction to Ultrasound Small Parts Overview • Which transducer? • linear transducer • Why? – High frequency – Increased resolution
- 32. 35 Introduction to Ultrasound Small Parts Overview – Thyroid Anatomy
- 33. 36 An ultrasound of the thyroid is typically used to help diagnose: ･a lump in the thyroid (Goiter, benign or malignant mass/nodule ) ･a thyroid that is not functioning properly Introduction to Ultrasound Small Parts Overview – Thyroid Imaging
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- 43. 46 Philips HD11 XE Ultrasound System
- 44. 47 Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview • Provides imaging of the body's veins and arteries. • Useful in evaluating the body's circulatory system • Vascular ultrasound is performed to: – assess blood flow to organs and tissues – identify blockages (stenosis) and other abnormalities like blood clots, plaque or emboli – determine whether a patient is a good candidate for a procedure such as angioplasty
- 45. 48 Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview -Anatomy
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- 47. 50 Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview – Carotid • Carotid Artery
- 48. 52 • Carotid Arteries: – Assess patients with stroke, dizziness – Flow patterns in the vessels (shape, speed & direction) – Blood clot, dissection, narrowing of vessels, plaque – Assess intima-media vessel layer thickness, an indicator of cardiovascular disease Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview - Carotid
- 49. 53 Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview – Carotid Philips L9-3 (work-horse vascular transducer) Which Transducer? Linear transducer (L9-3, L11-3 or similar) Why? High Frequency Better detail resolution Linear beam ideal for imaging tubes
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- 55. 59 • Which Transducer? – Sector transducer (S5-1 or similar) • Why? – Good access to scanning windows available – Good frequency range for penetration Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview - TCD
- 56. 60 Transtemporal Window Transoccipital/ Suboccipital Window Transorbital Window Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview – TCD windows
- 57. 61 Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview - TCD Global Training and Education Internal and Confidential30 Trans-cranial Artery Anatomy MCA ACA VERTEBRAL BASILAR PCA PCoA ACoA
- 58. 62 • What are we looking for? – Flow patterns in the vessels – Shape, speed and direction of flow – Assessing patients with strokes and cerebral bleeding Introduction to Ultrasound Vascular Overview - TCD