7. How do you define
plagiarism?
◦ Using someone’s ideas or expression of
those ideas (words, pictures, music, etc)
◦ Without giving proper credit
8. An interesting side story
A quote attributed to Martin Luther
King Jr. went viral after the death of
Osama bin Laden
But part of it was never said or written
by him
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/arc
hive/2011/05/anatomy-of-a-fake-
quotation/238257/
What’s the big deal?
9. It’s out there, why not reuse
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885
it?
Gabriel, Trip. “Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in the
Image by Duane Hoffmann
Digital Age.” nytimes.com. The New York Times, 1
Aug 2010. Web. 14 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/education
/02cheat.html>
―If you are not so worried about presenting yourself as absolutely unique,
then it’s O.K.
…if you say other people’s words, it’s O.K. if you say things you don’t
believe,
…it’s O.K. if you write papers you couldn’t care less about because they
accomplish the task, which is turning something in and getting a grade
… and it’s O.K. if you put words out there without getting any credit.‖
~Susan D. Blum anthropologist at The University of Notre Dame,
author of ―My Word!: Plagiarism and College Culture‖ on student attitudes
toward plagiarism
10. It’s out there, why not reuse
it?
Discussion on the article:
• Your thoughts on plagiarism
• Why don’t some people seem to think it’s bad
to copy?
• Why do people who know it’s wrong still do it?
• Does downloading music count?
• Is their plagiarism in business?
11. Why does it matter?
Discussion on the article
• Why is it important to attribute information to a
source?
• Why is anecdotal information so compelling?
• What does this have to do with you? In real life?
In school?
12. Common Knowledge
Quandary
―I’ve heard that common knowledge
doesn’t have to be cited. What is
common knowledge?‖
Some examples:
◦ Waste not, want not.
◦ George Washington was the first president of
the US
◦ College students like pizza…
When in doubt, cite it.
13. The point is…
No matter where you are, you will
constantly need to assess the
information around you
In order to be an informed consumer you
should know how to evaluate the
information you acquire
In order to support your own arguments
you should know how to research your
question and cite your sources
14. A more serious example
The German Defense Minister
resigned and his PhD was taken away
because it was found that his thesis
was plagiarized
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
europe-12608083
15. What is the policy at Towson?
Policy for Academic Integrity:
◦ http://www.towson.edu/studentaffairs/polic
ies/academicintegrity.asp
Two Strike System
100 reported cases a year
One suspension a year
17. Why is it important to cite your
sources?
Allows your readers to verify and identify
your information
◦ Support your argument
Gives credit to the owners of the ideas
◦ Not plagiarizing
Get credit for your ideas!
Required for your assignment!
19. What needs to be cited?
Books Examples:
images from Web,
Web Pages statistical tables
Magazine articles
Graphics
VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
Government reports
Statistics
Encyclopedia articles
Any source of information!
20. Example A
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google's approach may win out
heavyweights to knock out the over the long term. In the early
other. Yet if history is any guide, 1980s Apple lost its lead in the
Google's approach may win out PC market as Microsoft enlisted
over the long term. Recall that in the aid of hordes of software
the early 1980s Apple lost its developers and dozens of PC
lead in the PC market when manufacturers.
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
21. Example A
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google's approach may win out
heavyweights to knock out the over the long term. In the early
other. Yet if history is any guide, 1980s Apple lost its lead in the
Google's approach may win out PC market as Microsoft enlisted
over the long term. Recall that in the aid of hordes of software
the early 1980s Apple lost its developers and dozens of PC
lead in the PC market when manufacturers.
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
22. Example B
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech History tells us that Google's
heavyweights to knock out the approach may be successful over
other. Yet if history is any guide, the long term. In the early 1980s
Google's approach may win out Apple lagged in the PC market as
over the long term. Recall that in Microsoft collaborated with
the early 1980s Apple lost its software developers and dozens
lead in the PC market when of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Microsoft enlisted the aid of Google would only summon a
hordes of software developers united front, Apple could again
and dozens of PC manufacturers. be swamped by the collective
Now, if Google can marshal such innovations (Burrows, 2009).
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
23. Example B
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech History tells us that Google's
heavyweights to knock out the approach may be successful over
other. Yet if history is any guide, the long term. In the early 1980s
Google's approach may win out Apple lagged in the PC market as
over the long term. Recall that in Microsoft collaborated with
the early 1980s Apple lost its software developers and dozens
lead in the PC market when of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Microsoft enlisted the aid of Google would only summon a
hordes of software developers united front, Apple could again
and dozens of PC manufacturers. be swamped by the collective
Now, if Google can marshal such innovations (Burrows, 2009).
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
24. Example C
Student:
Original:
Google stands a chance of beating
Don't look for one of these tech
Apple if it can benefit from the
heavyweights to knock out the
pooled ideas of software developers
other. Yet if history is any guide,
and device manufacturers, following
Google's approach may win out
the strategy that Microsoft employed
over the long term. Recall that in
to Apple’s detriment in the early
the early 1980s Apple lost its
‘80s.
lead in the PC market when
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
25. Example C
Student:
Original:
Google stands a chance of beating
Don't look for one of these tech
Apple if it can benefit from the
heavyweights to knock out the
pooled ideas of software developers
other. Yet if history is any guide,
and device manufacturers, following
Google's approach may win out
the strategy that Microsoft employed
over the long term. Recall that in
to Apple’s detriment in the early
the early 1980s Apple lost its
‘80s.
lead in the PC market when
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
26. Example D
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Burrows suggests that in the
heavyweights to knock out the battle of the “tech
other. Yet if history is any guide, heavyweights” Google might
Google's approach may win out eventually prevail over Apple if it
over the long term. Recall that in follows the strategy that
the early 1980s Apple lost its Microsoft employed to Apple’s
lead in the PC market when detriment during the early ‘80s:
Microsoft enlisted the aid of collaborating, and innovating,
hordes of software developers with software developers and
and dozens of PC manufacturers. manufacturers (2009, p. 25).
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
27. Example D
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Burrows suggests that in the
heavyweights to knock out the battle of the “tech
other. Yet if history is any guide, heavyweights” Google might
Google's approach may win out eventually prevail over Apple if it
over the long term. Recall that in follows the strategy that
the early 1980s Apple lost its Microsoft employed to Apple’s
lead in the PC market when detriment during the early ‘80s:
Microsoft enlisted the aid of collaborating, and innovating,
hordes of software developers with software developers and
and dozens of PC manufacturers. manufacturers (2009, p. 25).
Now, if Google can marshal such
a united front, Apple could again
be swamped by the collective
innovations.
28. Tips to avoid plagiarism
Documentation
- keep track of
materials used for your
working bibliography
Quote carefully – color
code or use quotes
when taking notes.
Beware cutting &
pasting.
Note key ideas then
―Shut the book‖
Try to boil down the
info—summarize
Proofread!
29. Style Manuals
Different disciplines use
different style manuals
◦ Social Sciences = American
Psychological Association
(APA)
◦ Humanities = MLA Handbook
for Writers of Research
Papers (MLA)
31. Citing correctly in APA – Exact
Quote
Every in-text
1. “x” citation should
have a match
in the
2. In-text citation bibliography
(Smith, 2004, p. 35)
3. An entry in the References list (the
bibliography) at the end of the paper
32. Citing correctly in APA -
Paraphrase
1. Legitimate paraphrase
2. In-text citation
(Smith, 2004)
3. An entry in the References list at the
end of the paper
Again, every in-text citation should have a match in
the bibliography!
33. In-text Citation for an Article (HTML)
from a Database (Business Source Complete)
In-text:
◦ Mobile devices increase access to sensitive
corporate data (Swartz, 2006, p. 25).
In-text with signal phrase:
◦ Swartz points out that mobile devices increase
access to sensitive corporate data (2006, p.25).
34. References Entry for an Article (HTML)
from a Database (Business Source Premier)
Swartz, N. (2006). Safeguarding corporate
secrets. Information Management
Journal, 40 (5), 24-30. Retrieved from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journa
ldescription.cws_home/505553/descripti
on#description
35. Some ―for fun‖ citations
Here is an interesting fact (Wolfensohn,
2011, p. 25)
You may be surprised to learn this startling
statistic (Association of Associations, 2009)
Here is the way that researcher Beverly
Santana frames the issue (2011, p. 110)
36. References
Association of Associations. (2009, December).
Surprising Statistics: A Study. Retrieved from:
http://www.theassociation.org/stats
Santana, B. (2011). Why is research so
challenging? Journal of Puzzling Questions 22(4),
110-145. doi: 01.2345/jourquest.2011.22.4
Wolfensohn, H.D. (2011). You will enjoy this book.
Towson, MD: Towson Press.
37. Sample Paper in APA style
Would you like to see how a sample
paper in APA Style looks, headings, in-
text citations, Works Cited list and all?
If you need more than the resource
guides on the library website
◦ Diane Hacker
◦ OWL
38. Questions?
Feel free to contact me:
◦ Laksamee Putnam
◦ lputnam@towson.edu
◦ 410.704.3746.
◦ Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
Or any reference librarian:
◦ Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
◦ 410.704.2462.
◦ IM – tucookchat
Notes de l'éditeur
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
Not only is this a topic that is discussed in the “real world” but it is also an important issue on campus.Emphasizing the professor’s approach to plagiarism, while also pointing out that this is of concern to the entire TU/academic community.We now have a system where if a student is sanctioned for plagiarism by a professor, that is not the end of the matter. The professor can report the student centrally. If there is a “strike 2” the student has to go before Judicial Affairs and face further consequences: the student may be suspended from TU.Bob Giordani: 100 cases a year reported. (Imagine how many go unreported!)1-3 repeat offenders a year. These go to Judicial Affairs for penalties up to and including suspension from TU.There has been about one suspension each year.
Also just helps you stay organized
Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Reference list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Reference list at end of paper.
Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Reference list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Reference list at end of paper.
Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Hearst does not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Hearst’s idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Hearst+ keep the entry in References list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Hearst does not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Hearst’s idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Hearst+ keep the entry in References list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Hearst is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in References list.
The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Hearst is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in References list.
Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation need only include the page number, as Hearst has already clearly been noted in the same sentence. “Hearst describes” is an example of what is called a signal phrase. It eliminates the need to indicate Hearst again in the parentheses.That wasn’t so bad, was it?
Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation need only include the page number, as Hearst has already clearly been noted in the same sentence. “Hearst describes” is an example of what is called a signal phrase. It eliminates the need to indicate Hearst again in the parentheses.That wasn’t so bad, was it?
If you use an online source without permanent page numbers (that is, anything other than a PDF), count off your paragraphs and use that in place of a page number. (Smith, para. 5 = Smith, paragraph 5. Smith 35 means page 35 of Smith).
First is a screenshot of how the article looks from the results list of an Ebsco database (Business Source Premier in this case).Below are examples of how in-text citations to this article can be integrated.
Don’t forget the References entry at the end of the paper! Here’s an example for the same article.Don’t copy & paste the info straight from a database into your References list—you can see it looks quite different in MLA!If you can, consult the PDF copy instead of the HTML copy, you would be able to include the exact page range and to cite specific pages (rather than paragraphs) in your in-text citations.