2.  Systematic use of violence to
create a general climate of fear
in a population thereby to bring
about a particular political
objective.

3.  ‘Terrorism’-may be used by authorities
to delegitimize opponents and
legitimize their own use of armed
force.
 Terrorist attacks are carried out in such
a way to maximize the psychological
impact.

4.  Terrorists attack national symbols to show
their power and shake the foundation of
the country.
 Terrorist acts are devised to have an
impact on large audiences.
 The effectiveness lies not on the act itself
but on the public reactions.

5.  Perspectives on terrorism:
- Terrorist: they do not see themselves as
evil-’one man’s terrorist is another man’s
freedom fighter’
- Victim: considers the terrorist a criminal
- General public: unstable- in order to
sway the public to their cause terrorists
employ a ‘Robin Hood’ image

6.  Entered rapidly into
American national
consciousness.
 Greatest effect on
policy
making, popular
thinking about
terrorism.

7.  In September 2001, Bush changed the
direction of foreign policy.
 War on Terror
 Bush: "Every nation in every region now
has a decision to make: Either you are
with us or you are with the terrorists.“
 Preventive action: nations use
preemptive strikes in warfare when they
know that an enemy action is eminent

8.  Invasion in Iraq: Bush told the public that
Saddam Hussein’s regime had nuclear
weapons and connected Hussein to Al-
Queda.
 The invasion was to prevent Iraq from
supplying terrorists with nuclear
weapons.

9.  No concessions with terrorists
 Bring them to justice for their crimes
 Isolate and apply pressure on states that
sponsor terrorism
 Bolster the counterterrorist capabilities of
countries willing to work with the United
States

10.  The campaign against global terrorism is
the central aim of U.S.A foreign policy.
 The United States must take steps to
ensure that new al-Qaedas do not
emerge.
 Make difficult for potential enemies to
acquire weapons.

11.  To achieve these U.S.A. must:
- manage the antiterrorist coalition
- enhance control over weapons of
mass destruction
- reconstruct Afghanistan
- rebuild relations with the Arab and
Islamic world