Status Reports on Underutilized Marine Resources
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Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Malaysia by Masazurah A.Rahim, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Status Reports on Underutilized Marine Resources
- 1. Status Reports on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration By Masazurah A.Rahim Fisheries Research Institute Department of Fisheries Malaysia
- 2. Content • Introduction • Importance of FMGR in economy and food security of the country • Status of FMGR • Challenges and opportunities • Strategies adopted to harness potential of underutilized FMGR • Major focus areas for underutilized FMGR • Infrastructure, capacity building and financial investment • Future thrusts • Conclusions APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 3. Introduction APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019 • Major supplier of animal protein • The total fishery production of the country amounted to 1897244 tonnes in 2017, the greatest bulk has always come from the capture fisheries (app 74%)
- 4. Importance of FMGR in economy and food security of the country a. Production and consumption APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 5. Importance of FMGR in economy and food security of the country b. Imports and Exports APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 6. Status of FMGR APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 7. Unique underutilized FMGR Seaweed APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 8. Unique underutilized FMGR Jelly fish APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 9. Germplasm collection, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation Seaweed • The present checklist of Malaysia seaweed stands at 459 taxa in 72 families • Only Kappaphycus sp, Eucheuma denticulatum, Gracilaria manilaensis and Caulerpa sp, are being cultivated commercially. APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 10. Germplasm collection, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation Jelly fish • 29 species have been recorded • Lobonema robustus, Rhopilema esculentum and R. hispidum are edible APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 11. Processing, value addition and product development Seaweed • Semi-refined carrageenan • Seaweed products like desserts, health drinks, soaps and air- fresheners • The locals serve it in various ways – from stir fry to seaweed mac and cheese • Cheaper alternative to bird’s nest given its nutritional value APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 12. Processing, value addition and product development Jelly fish • Never sold fresh in the market • The gonads and the mucus membranes of the jellyfish is removed and the flesh is treated with salt and alum • The semi-dried products are marketed as a commoditytraditional delicacy amongst the Sarawakian APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 13. Challenges and opportunities Seaweed • To intensify the aquaculture system through further refinement of technology • To explore new ways of cultivating seaweed, • To expand the seaweed variety for production, • To discover new ways to utilise the products • To inculcate best practices in cultivating and utilising seaweed, while being mindful of conserving the environment. APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 14. Challenges and opportunities Jelly fish • To gather information on collection and processing methods, • To have biosocial-economic data of the fishermen and the processing company • To discover new ways to utilise the products APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 15. Strategies adopted to harness potential of underutilized FMGR • Seaweed industry has been accorded as a high impact project in Malaysia APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 16. Major focus areas for underutilized FMGR Seaweed • Capacity and capability building • Production of high quality seedling • New seaweed cultivation method • Expanding seaweed variety • Discovering more ways to utilise seaweed and its product • Enhancing human resource Jellyfish • taxonomic study to be carried out • the need for life history studies APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 17. Infrastructure, capacity building and financial investment Fisheries Research Institute Malaysia (FRI). Its major objectives are: • To provide scientific advice for the sustainable exploitation and management of fishery resources; • To conserve, rehabilitate and enhance aquatic resources; • To enhance fish production through the development of appropriate technologies and utilization of new species for aquaculture; • To develop new uses for living aquatic resources, upgrade quality and reduce post-harvest losses. APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 18. Infrastructure, capacity building and financial investment The FRI has various branches located throughout the country, each specializing in specific fields of research: • FRI Pulau Sayak, Kedah – once known as The National Prawn Fry Production and Research Centre, focuses on hatchery technology for marine shrimp and finfishes. • FRI Gelami Lemi, Negeri Sembilan - specializes in freshwater fisheries and aquaculture. • FRI Gelang Patah, Johor - carries out research in brackishwater pond culture. • FRI Tanjong Demong, Terengganu - mostly involved in broodstock and hatchery development for marine finfishes. • FRI Bintawa, Sarawak - concentrates on fisheries and aquaculture in the state of Sarawak. • FRI Kg Acheh, Perak – is a division to do research on capture fisheries • FRI Langkawi, Kedah – focuses on culturing activities of seaweeds and sea cucumbers APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 19. Infrastructure, capacity building and financial investment APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019 The local universities • Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) – food technology • Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) - jellyfish • Universiti Malaya (UM) - jellyfish • University of Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) – jellyfish and seaweed • Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) - seaweed
- 20. Infrastructure, capacity building and financial investment APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019 • Government agencies • Private companies
- 21. Future thrusts Seaweed • To increase the number of farms and farmers • To strengthen local seaweed cooperatives • To come out with new and improved strains • To efficiently supply seed and products APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 22. Future thrusts Jellyfish • To accumulate of scientific knowledge on edible jellyfishes • To establish a monitoring system for physico-chemical oceanic conditions • To understand the factors controlling the stock size of jellyfish APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 23. Conclusions • The need to transform and focus to a dynamic, diversified and modern fishery industry APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
- 24. நன்றி ඔබට ස්තුතියි Thank you Terima kasih APAARI, Colombo, 10-12 July 2019
Notes de l'éditeur
- The fishery sector has been playing an important role as a major supplier of animal protein to the Malaysian population for decades. The total fishery production of the country amounted to 2,013,105 tonnes in 2015. Consist of two major components, namely marine capture fisheries and aquaculture, the greatest bulk of the fish landings has always come from the capture fisheries (app 74%) of the total production with the rest coming from aquaculture. The production pattern has not changed much over the last couple of years with fish caught are getting smaller and with less diversity Capture fisheries and aquaculture make vital contributions to Malaysia food security and provide important livelihood opportunities and income for many subsistence fishing and farming families
- Being accorded as a high impact project in the country, governmental agencies and departments, especially the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), have to be equipped with detailed and comprehensive information on the seaweed industry to better plan strategies to develop the seaweed industry in Malaysia.
- Efforts to boost the sector’s growth should encompass: • Capacity and capability building in R&D activity • Application of modern biotechnology in high quality seedling production • Exploration of new seaweed cultivation method • Expanding seaweed variety for production • Discovering more ways to utilise seaweed and its product • Enhancing human resource at the technical and non-technical levels Jellyfish In spite of their importance as a fishery commodity, almost nothing is known about the biology and ecology of edible jellyfish in Southeast Asia. Many commercial jellyfish species in the region have no scientific name. At first, therefore, taxonomic study should be carried out with many specimens from various fishing grounds for proper identification of the species involved Secondly, we emphasize the need for life history studies. The jellyfish fishery is characterized by considerable fluctuations in catch and the fishing season is restricted to a few months of each year. Unprecedented mass occurrences of rhizostomes sometimes disturb net fishing, while on other occasions they suddenly disappear from fishing grounds. In addition to local weather conditions, certain biological factors such as life history, growth and migrations must be involved in these phenomena. We consider that the number of polyps reproduced asexually and the number of ephyral discs liberated from the polyps are crucial factors that determine the population size of the ‘harvested’ medusa stage. Therefore, we particularly emphasize needs for future study on the life of the polyp stage for prediction of the fishery resources and fluctuations.
- The seaweed industry, can be enhanced by increasing the number of farms and farmers, strengthening local seaweed cooperatives and including them in decision-making, as well as by technological advances in the form of new and improved strains, more efficient seed supply and products.
- To achieve a more stable and sustainable condition in the jellyfish fishery, the accumulation of scientific knowledge on edible jellyfishes is required, as well as establishing a monitoring system for physico-chemical oceanic conditions. To understand the factors controlling the stock size of jellyfish, studies on asexual reproduction, such as the strobilation ability in polyps in relation to environmental fluctuations, are essential.
- Fishery remains an important sector in Malaysia. This sector still plays important role as food providers, create employments and generate earnings from export products. The development of the agricultural policies has enabled the fishery sector to grow sustainably and contributed to economy development in Malaysia. The agricultural policy set the direction for the agricultural sector, and as a result; this sector has been transformed from conventional and passive sector that focused on single commodity to a dynamic, diversified and modern sector.