NFC or near-field communication, this is an introduction to the types of tags that are used.

1. Pratheek Adidela
10583

2. What is it?
• Developed by Sony and Philips in late 2002
• Evolved from Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) technology
• Short Range Radio Communication Technology
• Frequency: 13.56 MHz.
• Max. Bandwidth: 424Kbits/sec
• Communication starts when two NFC-compatible devices
brought together less then four centimeters
• NFC Forum is the leading organization that organizes the efforts

3. What is it?
• Easy to use wireless communication interface for the last few
centimeters
• Easy to use target selection, by simply holding two devices
close to each other
• Operating distance typical up to 10 cm

4. What is it?
Wireless short range communication technology
• NFC is designed for short distance wireless communication
• Allows intuitive initialization of wireless networks
• NFC is complementary to Bluetooth and 802.11 with their long
distance capabilities
• NFC does not require line of sight
• Easy and simple connection method
• Provides communication method to non-self powered devices

5. What is it?
NFC technology can benefit from mobile phones
The technology is compatible with existing RFID structures, existing RFID
tags and contactless smart cards
Short range communication (up to 4 cm.)
– Automatic
– Inherent
coupling
security
Ease of use (Very familiar to people, only touch)
Mobile phones can be used both as an information storage devices or an
NFC reader
– They
can read information from NFC tags
– They
can be used as a digital storage e.g. storing credit card
information.

6. Comparison with Bluetooth
Aspect
NFC
Bluetooth
Bluetooth LE
RFID Compatible
ISO 18000-3
active
active
Standardisation
body
ISO/IEC
Bluetooth SIG
Bluetooth SIG
Network
Standard
Point-to-Point
WPAN
WPAN
Cryptography
not with RFID
available
available
Range
<0.2 m
~100 m (class 1)
~ 50 m
Frequency
13.56 MHz
2.4-2.5 GHz
2.4-2.5 GHz
Bit rate
424 kbits/s
2.1 Mbit/s
~1 Mbit/s
Set-up time
<0.1 s
<6 s
<0.006 s
varies with class
< 15 mA (read and
transmit)
Power
Consumption
< 15 mA
(read)

7. TAG TYPES
Type 1
Type 1 NFC tags have data collision protection and can be set to
either read and write capable or read-only. Read-only
programming prevents the information from being changed or
written over once embedded in the tag. Type 1 tags have 96
bytes of memory, enough for a URL or a small amount of data.
The tag’s memory can expand to a larger size as needed. The
low price makes type 1 tags the ideal choice for most near field
communication needs.

8. TAG TYPES
Type 2
Type 2 NFC tags also have data collision protection and can be
rewriteable or read-only. They start at 48 bytes of memory, half of
what the type 1 tags can hold, but can expand to be as large as
a type 1 tag. Communication speeds are the same for tag types
1 and 2.

9. TAG TYPES
Type 3
Also equipped with data collision protection, NFC tag type 3 has
larger memory and faster speeds than tag types 1 and 2. This
tag is part of the FeliCa system. The bigger size lets it hold more
complex codes beyond URLs, but it costs more to create each
tag.

10. TAG TYPES
Type 4
Type 4 NFC tags can use either NFC-A or NFC-B
communication and have data collision protection. The tag is set
as either rewritable or read-only when manufactured and this
setting cannot be changed by the user, unlike the other NFC
tags which can be altered at a later date. The tag holds 32
Kbytes in memory and has faster speeds than the other tags.

11. NFC Basic Roles
• Reader/Writer and Card – Typically a transaction occurs between an
active device that sends out signals and receives information and a passive
device that simply sends the information and does not receive anything other
than instructions on what data to reply with. The reader/writer is the
smartphone serving as the active device and the card is the NFC tag serving
as the passive device. Smartphones can take on the role of card, however,
when they act as a credit card for contactless payments. Then the credit card
reader becomes the reader/writer and the smartphone serves as the passive
card device.
• Initiator and Target – NFC technology has a major advantage over
other technologies such as RFID. NFC can create peer-to-peer sharing
between two phones. In this case, the phone making the connection or
sending an invitation is the initiator and the phone receiving the instructions
and sending back information is the target. Yet both phones can serve both
roles by switching back and forth depending on what transmission is being
sent, though this requires a higher level of technology.

12. Current Uses of NFC
•As
an RFID Tag Scanner
•As
a Debit/Credit Card Substitute
•For
Data Exchange
•For
Bluetooth pairing or WiFi authentication

13. Prospective Uses
•
Personal Payments
•
Keyless Security
•
National, International and Corporate Identification
•
Social Networking
•
Entertainment
•
Health and Public Safety

14. Advantages
• Quicker connections, no typing errors
• Easy to use, only requires the click of a button, no software
• They are compatible with existing RFID structures
• Cost efficient for the average customer

15. Disadvantages
• Only works in short ranges
• Low data transfer rate
• Can be costly for merchant companies to initially adopt the
technology

16. Bibliography
•
http://nfc-bbysfu.blogspot.in
•
http://smb-tech-guide.com/barclaycards-paytag-is-simple-alternative-tonear-field-communication/
•
Current Benefits and Future Directions of NFC Services, Kerem Ok,
Vedat Coskun, Mehmet N. Aydin, Busra Ozdenizci, www.NFCLab.com,
ISIK University, Istanbul
•
http://www.nearfieldcommunication.org
•
http://answers.oreilly.com/topic/2824-near-field-communication-what-itis-and-how-it-works/
•
http://www.addictivetips.com/hardware/what-is-nfc-how-it-works-whatare-its-practical-applications/

17. Thank You!