1. April L. Centes
MAT-PE
aprilcentesnew@yahoo.com.ph

2. • An important component in the existence, survival and
functioning of any group organization
• A vital to any organization because the efforts of the
constituents from top management to rank and file need
to be coordinated
• Leadership is a major way in which people change the
mind of others and move organizations forward to
accomplish identified goals
• Morale boosting an important function of leadership

3. • An act or behavior
• Effect of interaction
• The exercise of influence
• Form of persuasion
• Act of inducing compliance
• A power relation
• A focus of group processes
• An instrument of goal achievement
• The initiation of structure
• A differentiated role
• Personality and its effects
• An attribute of a position
• An art

4. • Effective leadership is a key factor in the life and success
of an organization
• Leadership transforms potential into reality
• Leadership is the ultimate act which brings to success all
of the potent potential that is in an organization and
its people.
• Leaders propose new paradigms when old ones lose
their effectiveness.

5. • McGrecor and Likert
 Leadership appears in social science literature with 3 meanings:
a. attribute of a position
b. characteristics of a person
c. category of behavior
• Katz and Kahn
 The important ingredient of organizational behavior is the influence
over and above compliance with the routine directives of the
organization
• Kast and Rosenweig
 Leading, a central function of managing in any organization,
involves influencing the behavior of other people.

6. • Interaction-expectation
• Humanistic
• Exchange
• Theories X, Y, Z

7. Trait or great man theory
•Leadership is innate
•Follows the cliché “Like father, like son..

8. • Stogdill- leaders excel non-leaders
• Kahn and Katz- employee oriented
• Ghiselli- 4 traits: intelligence, social maturity and breadth, inner
motivation and achievement drive, human relations attitudes
• Anselmo Lupdag- partly confirmed hypotheses of the study:
1. There is a positive relationship between leadership and abilities,
personality characteristics and academic performance.
2. Gender is not a determinant leadership
3. Type of organization does not influence
4. males excels in mental abilities; females are superior in academic
performance and selected personality traits
5. Student leaders are achievers.
• Nadler and Tushman- charismatic leadership
…. Envisioning
…. Energizing
…. Enabling

9. Environmental theory
•Leadership skills are required
•Leaders are made not born

10. Is a person with integrity who is
committed to the organization and the
people who work together to accomplish
the organization’s mission ; this
persons lead by example,
communicates
without ceasing,
and shows care, concern and
consistency in all dealings.