Computational Social Science as the Ultimate Web Intelligence
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Panel at Web Intelligence, Dec 4-6, 2018, Santiago Chile Funding Acknowledgement: Research supported in part by: NSF Award#: CNS 1513721 TWC SBE: Medium: Context-Aware Harassment Detection on Social Media. View represented are those of the speaker/author, and not of the sponsor.
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Computational Social Science as the Ultimate Web Intelligence
- 1. Computational Social Science as the Ultimate Web Intelligence Kno.e.sis Projects at the Intersection of Big Data, AI, Social Good and Health Panel at Web Intelligence 2018 Prof. Amit Sheth LexisNexis Ohio Eminent Scholar Executive Director, Kno.e.sis - Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled Computing & BioHealth Innovation Presentation template by SlidesCarnival Photographs by Unsplash Icons by thenounproject
- 2. Big Data | Social Media | AI 2 Harnessing Twitter ‘Big Data’ for Automatic Emotion Identification 2.5 M Tweets with Machine Learning algorithms Trends Emotions eDrugTrends - Identify emerging trends in cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid use in the U.S. Web Forum Data & Tweets with NLP, ML & Semantic Web Technologies Intents Sentiments Hazards SEES - Cross-modal aggregation of Multi-modal & Multi-disciplinary Data to support human efforts in disaster management Extracting Diverse Sentiment Expressions with Target-Dependent Polarity from Twitter Opinions 400 000 Tweets with an Optimization Model People Places Times
- 3. Gender-Based Violence in 140 Characters or Fewer: A #BigData Case Study of Twitter 14 million tweets collected from Twitter over a period of 10 months 3 1. Gender-based violence in 140 characters or fewer: A #BigData case study of Twitter, Hemant Purohit, Tanvi Banerjee, Andrew Hampton, Valerie L. Shalin, Nayanesh Bhandutia, and Amit Sheth, First Monday, Volume 21, Number 1 - 4 January 2016
- 4. Outcomes of Analysis ◎ Trends of GBV tweets across 5 countries; USA, India, Philippines, Nigeria, South Africa. 4 ◎ Three thematic groups of GBV tweets: physical violence, sexual violence, and harmful practices. ◎ Nigeria has the highest percentage of tweets with URLs in comparison to other countries. ◎ Numerous explanations; ○ Literacy, ○ Credibility of the public press ○ Possibility that reliance on external resources somehow reduces the threat of being identified as the responsible party.
- 5. Context-Aware Harassment Detection on Social Media 24 000 tweets collected Supervised ML methods used 5 1. Mohammadreza Rezvan, Saeedeh Shekarpour, Lakshika Balasuriya, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Valerie L. Shalin, Amit Sheth. A Quality Type-aware Annotated Corpus and Lexicon for Harassment Research. Web Science, WebSci 2018, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 27-30, 2018 2. Mohammadreza Rezvan, Saeedeh Shekarpour, Thirunarayan, K., Valerie L. Shalin, Sheth, A. (2018). Analyzing and learning the languagefor different types of harassment Knoesis wiki for Context-Aware Harassment Detection on Social Media
- 6. Outcomes and Insights Lexicon Covering different types of harassment content ● Sexual ● Political ● Racial Tweets 24 000 non-redundant annotated tweets with 3000 are labeled as harassing Features Combination of features resulted in best accuracy ○ TFIDF ○ word2vec ○ paragraph2vec ○ LIWC vector ML Methods Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) outperformed SVM, KNN and NB 6 ● Intellectuel ● Appearance - related ● General
- 7. 7 1. Gaur, Manas, Ugur Kursuncu, Amanuel Alambo, Amit Sheth, Raminta Daniulaityte, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, and Jyotishman Pathak. "Let Me Tell You About Your Mental Health!: Contextualized Classification of Reddit Posts to DSM-5 for Web-based Intervention." In Proceedings of the 27th ACM CIKM 2018. Patient ClinicianEMR Insight DSM-5 & Drug Abuse Ontology Improved Healthcare Classification of Reddit Content to DSM-5 for Web-based Intervention 3 Million Posts from 270K Reddit Users collected From 2005-2015 with zero shot learning Provide clinicians, insights of their patients Knoesis wiki for Modeling Social Behavior for Healthcare Utilization in Depression
- 8. Outcomes & Insights 9 Our sophisticated methods have reduced the false alarm rate to 3% - 5% by incorporating domain knowledge and slang terms in social media data
- 9. Views: People - Content - Network Information in tweets by a user displays an intent based on the user type: Personal accounts share opinions, Retail accounts promote related products for sale, Media accounts disseminate information. Proper incorporation of each view is essential to better represent characteristics of users. User Modeling in Marijuana-related Communications 11 Multimodality - The information shared in different formats contributes to the meaning: Text, Image, Emoji, Interactions - Translation of image and emoji to textual representation using state-of-the-art tools such as EmojiNet. People: user description, emoji, profile pictures. Content: text, emoji Network: interactions with other users: retweets and mentions. 🏈 😉 🍔 1. Ugur Kursuncu, Manas Gaur, Usha Lokala, Anurag Illendula, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Raminta Daniulaityte, Amit Sheth, and I. Budak Arpinar. "" What's ur type?" Contextualized Classification of User Types in Marijuana-related Communications using Compositional Multiview Embedding." In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence, 2018 Knoesis wiki for eDrugTrends
- 10. Outcomes & Insights ◎ Incorporation of multimodal data, specifically profile pictures and network interactions, significantly contributes into the classification of users. ◎ Multimodality significantly improves the classification performance in the case of imbalanced dataset, e.g., profile pictures of users. ◎ Compositional of embeddings of views (e.g., person, content, network) provide more coherent representation of users. 12 Features Personal Media Retail 1 Tweet + Desc 0.95 0.42 0.73 2 w/ Composition 0.94 0.18 0.71 3 w/ Metadata 0.94 0.17 0.72 4 w/ Image 0.97 0.72 0.87 5 w/ Network 0.98 0.73 0.91 F-Scores for each user type
- 11. Fusing Visual, Textual and Connectivity Clues for Studying Mental Health Knoesis wiki for Modeling Social Behavior for Healthcare Utilization in Depression Develop a multimodal framework and employing statistical techniques for fusing heterogeneous sets of features obtained by processing visual, textual and user interaction data to identify depressive behavior and demographic inference. 13 1. Amir Hossein Yazdavar, Mohammad Saied Mahdavinejad, Goonmeet Bajaj, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Jyotishman Pathak and Amit Sheth. Fusing Visual, Textual and Connectivity Clues for Studying Mental Health in Population. In: 30th International Conference on World Wide Web (Submitted WWW-2019) ◎ How well do the content of posted images (colors, aesthetic and facial presentation) reflect depressive behavior? ◎ Does the choice of profile picture show any psychological traits of depressed online persona? Are they reliable enough to represent the demographic information such as age and gender? ◎ Are there any underlying common themes among depressed individuals generated using multimodal content that can be used to detect depression reliably?
- 12. Outcomes & Insights 14 Characterizing Linguistic Patterns in two aspects: Depressive-behavior and Age Distribution Gender Biases and Depressive Behavior Association (Chi- square test: color- code: (blue:association), (red: repulsion), size: amount of each cell’s contribution) The age distribution for depressed and control users in ground-truth dataset
- 13. Outcomes & Insights 15 The explanation of the log-odds prediction of outcome (0.31) for a sample user (y-axis shows the outcome probability (depressed or control), the bar labels indicate the log-odds impact of each feature) Ranking Features obtained from Different Modalities with Boruta Algorithm
- 14. Create value from data that supports action Big Data & AI 16 What can we do that is unique? Emotions Sentiments Intentions Derive Insights Scale to identify important & relevant issues to human kind Floods Earthquake Wildfires Tsunami Derive insights from data Do more exercises Reduce sugar intake Increase water intake More at: http://knoesis.org/projects, http://bit.ly/Kapproach
- 15. Thank You! 17
Notes de l'éditeur
- Opinions - "Time for dabs": Analyzing Twitter data on butane hash oil use.
- Sharing behavior analysis. Social media provide the opportunity to distribute information, potentially reflecting both the senders’ judgment of information importance, and reliance on the voice of others. Sharing functions as an amplification of these voices, often through the voices of influential celebrities. We analyze two types of sharing behavior in the social media community surrounding GBV events: direct content resharing as a retweet (RT), and indirect sharing via references to external resources, such as news, blogs, articles, and multimedia, using URLs, etc. the low retweeting frequency in Nigeria is particularly remarkable (see Table 5). One might hypothesize that a low literacy country such as Nigeria, in which senders are less able to compose messages, would have the highest retweet ratio. The adjacent analysis of the proportion of URL references with respect to the total corpus suggests a different sociocultural phenomenon at work concerning the identifiability of the responsible party. For GBV tweets containing URLs, Nigeria has the highest percentage of tweets with URLs in comparison to other countries. Numerous explanations can be tested, including literacy, credibility of the public press, and the possibility that reliance on external resources somehow reduces the threat of being identified as the responsible party.
- Goal - understanding individuals mental health situation Provide clinicias insights of his/ pataients
- Not all the Reddit content types (Main Posts, Comments, and Replies) are informative. Identification of Features that represent users on Reddit: Vertical Linguistic Features (e.g. Inter-Subreddit Similarity) Horizontal Linguistic Features (e.g. Subordinate Conjunction) Fine-Grained Features (e.g. Readability scores) Word Embedding with/without modulation Coherence-based topic selection that associate subreddit to DSM-5 Enrichment of DAO ontology with DSM-5 lexicon and Slang Terms : DSM-5 Knowledge Hierarchy DAO - we created
- A sophisticated method allowed us to hugly reduce the false alarm rate - Explain the optimization effort in one sentence 25% reduction in the false alarm rate (2- 5%) while the other methods have higher false alarm rates () Takeaway; Incorporation of domain knowledge and slang terms in social media data
- 1)Analysis of content of posted images in terms of colors, aesthetic and facial presentation and their associations with depressive behavior; 2)Uncovering the underlying relationships between the visual and contextual content of likely depressed profiles obtained using demographic inference process which can facilitate community-level management of depression
- Top left: Our findings from social media are consistent with the findings in the medical literature as according to the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [29] more women than men were given a diagnosis of depression. Bottom Left: shows that young people aged below 24 tend to be more depressed suggesting that either likely depressed-user population is younger, or youngsters are more likely to disclose their age say with the intention of connecting to their peers (social homophily
- Right: The waterfall charts represent how the probability of being de- pressed changes with the addition of each feature variable. Left: illustrates feature importance obtained by Boruta algorithm.