child labour

2. CHILD LABOUR

3. Contents

Contents
Who are child labour….??
Types of child labour
Causes of child labour
Major sectors where the child labour works
Consequences of child labour
Statistics of child labour world wide
International conventions
Child labour statistics in India
NGOs concerning Child Labour
Child labour acts and laws in India
Other laws
What can we do?

4. •Child labour : is the practice of having children
engage in economic activity, on part or full-time
basis.The practice deprives children of their
childhood, and is harmful to their physical and
mental development.

5. TYPES OF CHILD LABOUR
UNICEF has classified child work into three
categories:
 Within the Family
Children are engaged without
pay in domestic household
tasks, agricultural pastoral
work, handicraft/cottage
industries etc.

6.  Within the Family but outside the Home
Children do agricultural/pastoral work
which consists of (seasonal/ full-time)
migrant labour, local agricultural work,
domestic service, construction work and
informal occupation e.g. recycling of
waste- employed by others and self
employed.

7.  Outside the Family
Children are employed by others in bonded
work, apprenticeship, skilled trades (Carpet,
embroidery, and brass/copper work), industrial
unskilled occupations/ mines, domestic work,
commercial work in shops and restaurants,
begging, prostitution and pornography.

8. CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
Poverty
Parental illiteracy
Tradition of making children learn the family skills
Absence of universal compulsory Primary education
Social apathy and tolerance of child labour
Ignorance of the parents about the adverse consequences of Child labour
Ineffective enforcement of the legal provisions pertaining to child labour
Non-availability of and non-accessibility to schools
Irrelevant and non-attractive school curriculum
Employers prefer children as they constitute cheap labour and they are
not able to organize themselves against exploitation.

9. MAJOR SECTORSWHERE CHILDRENWORK
Agrarian Sector
 Migrant Labour
 Invisible Labour
 Bonded Labour

10. MANUFACTURING SECTOR
 Migrant Labour
 Invisible Labour
 Wage Labour
 Self employed children

11. SERVICE SECTOR
 Self-employed Labour
 Invisible Labour
 Wage-based employment

12. CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR
 Stunted growth of future generation
 Inability to harness human resources
 Inability to contribute to development
 Inability to benefit from development
 Citizens with accumulated frustration
 Adult unemployment
 Depreciation in wages
 Perpetuation of poverty
 Persistence of child labour
 Increased bottlenecks in the development process
 Wasted human resources

13.  Perpetuation of economic inequality
 Increased abuse of children
 Increased illiteracy
 Ignorant populace
 Citizens with inferiority complex
 Malnourished citizens
 Sick citizens
 Political instability
 Early morbidity of citizens
 Mental deformity of citizens
 Perpetuation of ill treatment
 Inter generational phenomenon of child labour
 Wasted human talents and skills

14. STATISTICS OF CHILD LABOUR WORLDWIDE
Incidence rates for child labour
worldwide, perWorld Bank data.
The data is incomplete, as
many countries do not collect or
report child labour data (colored
gray)
The colour code is as follows:
 yellow (<10% of children
working)
 green (10–20%),
 orange (20–30%),
 red (30–40%) and black
(>40%).

15.  215 million in child labour, globally
 115 million of these children in hazardous work
 Child labour continues to decline,
[3% decline between 2004-2008]
but more modestly than previously
[10% decline between 2000-2004]
 On present trends, the goal of eliminating the worst forms
of child labour by 2016 will not be reached
 Fewer girls are now in child labour.
declined by 15%.
 Worrying trend for boys
Increase by 20%
among older boys (15-17)
in hazardous work

16. International Conventions
 U.N. Convention on the Suppression of SlaveTrade and
Slavery, 1926
 ILO Forced Labour Convention 1930, (No. 29)
 U.N. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of
Slavery, the SlaveTrade, and Institutions and Practices
Similar to Slavery, 1956
 ILO Abolition of Force Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)
 U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR), 1966
 U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989

17. Child labour statistics in India

19. NGOs concerning Child Labour
 India has the largest number of NGOs working in the
area of child labour and bonded child labour; e.g.
• Global March
• Bachpan BachaoAndolan SACCS
 Some very successful consumer campaigns have
been run by these organizations:
• Rugmark
• 'Fair Play' InThe 2002 FIFAWorld Cup
 International NGOs
• Freetheslaves.org
• Iccle.org
• Antislavery.org

20. Child labour acts and laws in India
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)Act was enacted in 1986 and
defines a child as "a person who has not completed their fourteenth year of age."
Exceptions/ Loopholes of this law:
•Only prohibits child labour in twenty-five “hazardous” industries (hazardous – only as defined by
adult labour standards)
•Glaring loopholes and exceptions allow employers to violate the principles of this law e.g. child
members of the employer’s family can be employed in such occupations - many employers use
“extended family” child members as labourers
•Tacitly allows use of child labor, even in hazardous occupations or industries.
•The act is also inapplicable to government-sponsored programs

21. Other Laws
• Factories Act, 1948
• Beedi and CigarWorkers Act, 1966
• Scheduled Castes/ScheduledTribes Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989
• Inter-State MigrantWorkmen Act, 1979
• Contract Labour Act, 1970
• MinimumWages Act, 1948
• Plantation LabourAct, 1951
• Apprentices Act, 1961
• Shops and EstablishmentsAct, 1961

22. What can we do?
ShortTerm- Immediate Goal
Awareness Generation
Increase awareness in your group, town, city through presentations,
group discussion sessions etc.
Hold awareness generation programs this June 12th , marking ILO’s
World Day Against Child Labour ( visit
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/wdacl/2005/index.htm)
Campaigns
Demand that Govt. of India ratify ILOC182 convention
Demand State Govts., district collectors, factory inspectors
enforce relevant laws
MediumTerm
Social Labeling, similar to Rugmark campaign
Support NGOs working for rescue and rehab
Insist on “no child labour” policy in all of our projects’ supply chain
LongTerm
Support livelihood generation processes
Organization of processes for enforcement of relevant laws

23. Our sincere thanks to
Chandra Sekhar Sir
PresentedBy
D.S.Omkar Reddy (12_538)
D.Venkataswara rao (12_536)
J.Anjaneyulu (12_556)