1. ORGANISING
Louis A Allen, “ Organisation is a mechanism or
structure that enables living things to work
effectively together. The evolution of all forms of life
and of human society demonstrates the need for
organisation.
Koontz and O’Donnell, “ Organisation is the
establishment of authority and relationships with
provision for coordination between them, both
vertically and horizontally in the enterprise
structure.”

2. Organisation is concerned with :
(a) The Attainment of Objectives by grouping the
activities.
(b) Dividing these activities into different departments,
divisions, sections and between individuals.
(c) Providing authority, delegation, coordination and
communication.
(d) Providing physical facilities,
Buildings, equipment etc.
(e) Establishing clear structural
Relationships among individuals
and groups.

3. PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION
1. UNITY OF OBJECTIVES 9. UNITY OF COMMAND
2. EFFICIENCY 10. DELEGATION
3. SPAN OF CONTROL 11.RESPONSIBILITY
4. DIVISION OF WORK 12.BALANCE
13.COMMUNICATION
5. FUNCTIONAL
DEFINITION 14. PERSONAL ABILITY
15. FLEXIBILITY
6. COORDINATION
16. CONTINUITY
7. SCALAR PRINCIPLE
17.EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE
8. UNITY OF DIRECTION

4. FORMAL AND INFORMAL
ORGANISATION