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災害時の避難
シミュレーション
 10RD170 並木 尚也
 10RD227 山口 里奈
 10RD402 今 裕哉
 南関東直下地震
• 東京を直撃する大地震が起こる予想
   - 今後25年内に起こる?
   - 最大震度7?

       混乱が起こる!
        

         ↓
     避難の仕方が大事!
参考文献 : 「南関東直下地震 - Wikipedia」http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D
%97%E9%96%A2%E6%9D%B1%E7%9B%B4%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87 (2012/6/20アクセス)
避難とその所要時間
• 速い避難の重要性
 - 生死にかかわる
 - 特に火事、津波

• 時間がかかってしまう要因
 - 個人が出口に殺到
 - 出口の幅
 - 人々の冷静さの欠如、etc...

   避難時間を短縮したい!!
シミュレーションの設定

• プレゼンテーションホール
• 渋滞学に基づくモデル化
• 着目する2つの点
 - 人の精神状態(パニック)
 - 譲り合い(摩擦)
渋滞学
• 渋滞学とは
 - 自己駆動粒子
 - フロア・フィールドモデル(セルオートマトン)


   避難モデル            物理モデル
  人の初期配置             初期状態
    障害物              境界条件
    譲り合い             物理法則
          参考文献 : 西成活裕 (2006) 『渋滞学』 新潮社
フロアフィールドモデル
        (セルオートマトン)

• ルール
 - 1つのセル 一人
 - 8方向に移動
 - 既に人がいるセルに
 は入れない
 - 8つのセルのうちど
 こに移動するかは群衆
 心理学的な考察に依存

              参考文献 : 西成活裕 (2006) 『渋滞学』 新潮社
使用するマップ
(プレゼンテーションホール)

         •     : 出口

         •     :人
             • :壁
             • :椅子
① パニックパラメータ

• パニックパラメータ
 避難中の人の冷静さ(パニック)


 パラメータの値が高い・パニック




 パラメータの値が低い・冷静
シミュレーション結果①
脱
                •            
                    冷静な人間が多い  
                            
                    と避難は効率的
出
                           
時
                           
間

                             


パニック                   冷静
    パニック状態のエージェントの割合(%)
②摩擦(譲り合い)パラメータ
• 摩擦パラメータ
 避難中の人たちが譲り合えるかどうか

 パラメータの値が高い・譲り合わない




 パラメータの値が低い・譲り合う
シミュレーション結果②
                     ・パニックパラメー
                     タに影響

                     譲り合える
                      →時間が最短
パニック
                   譲り合わない




       冷静
            譲り合う
  誰も譲り合わないとき、パニックな人が
  7 20%程いる方が安定した避難が可能
結論
• 基本:冷静&譲り合える方が良い。

• 誰も譲り合わない文化
 :ある程度パニックな人がいた方が速い!


 (他の教室(204号室)でも同様の結果)
ご清聴ありがとうございました

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