Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones, Clinical, Diagnosis, penatalaksaan, of prevention of urinary tract stones.Urinary tract stone disease is spreading across the world with distinction in many developing countries found a stone jar, while in developed countries more common upper urinary tract stones (kidney and ureter), this difference affected the nutritional status and mobility activities of daily living. The average prevalence rate worldwide is 1-12% of the population suffers from urinary tract stones

1. Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones, C...
by garest - http://garest.net/pathophysiology-of-urinary-tract-stones-clinical-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-is-urinar
y-tract-stones.html
Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones, Clinical,
Diagnosis, treatment, prevention is urinary tract stones
Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones, Clinical, Diagnosis, treatment, prevention is urinary
tract stones
Urinary tract stone disease is spreading across the world with distinction in many developing
countries found a stone jar, while in developed countries more common upper urinary tract
stones (kidney and ureter), this difference affected the nutritional status and mobility activities
of daily living. The average prevalence rate worldwide is 1-12% of the population suffers from
urinary tract stones.
Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones
Urinary stones can cause complications such as obstruction and urinary tract infections.
Manifestations of obstruction in the lower urinary tract is urinary retention or other micturition
complaints while in the upper urinary tract stones can cause hidroureter or hidrinefrosis.
Stones that are left in the urinary tract can cause infection, renal abscess, pionefrosis,
urosepsis and permanent kidney damage (renal failure)
Clinical and Diagnostic of urinary tract stones
Complaints of patients depending on the location of the stones, big stones and complications
that have occurred. On physical examination may be obtained kosto pain in the area of
??word-vertebral, kidney palpable on the affected side due to hydronephrosis, also show signs
of kidney failure, urinary retention and infection be obtained if accompanied by fever / chills.
Urine sediment examination showed the presence of leukocytes, hematuria and encountered
stone-forming crystals. Urine culture examination may indicate the growth of bacteria breaking
urea.
Examination of renal physiology aims to find the possibility of a decline in kidney function and
to prepare the patient undergo a PIV photo. There should also be checked electrolyte levels
are suspected as the cause of urinary stones salran (levels of calcium, oxalate, phosphate and
urate in the blood and urine).
Making plain abdominal aims to look at the possibility of a radio-opaque stones and most often
found in other rock types Atara. Uric acid stones are non-opaque (radio-Lusen).
Examination pieolografi intravenous (PIV) aims to assess the anatomy and function of the
kidney. Furthermore PIV can detect stones or semi opaque non-opaque stones are not visible
on plain abdominal.
Ultrasongrafi done when the patient is not likely to undergo checks on the state of PIV as a
contrast agent allergy, renal function declined and the pregnansi. This examination can assess
the presence of stones in the kidney or bladder (appear as echoic shadow), hydronephrosis,
renal pionefrosis or shriveling.
Management of urinary tract stones
Stones that have caused problems in the urinary tract should be removed so as not to cause
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2. Pathophysiology of urinary tract stones, C...
by garest - http://garest.net/pathophysiology-of-urinary-tract-stones-clinical-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-is-urinar
y-tract-stones.html
more serious complications. Indications to perform actions on the rocks is the occurrence of
urinary tract obstruction, infection or social indications. Stones can be removed through a
procedure medikamentosa, solved with ESWL, through the act of endo-urology, laparoscopic
surgery or open surgery.
Prevention of urinary tract stones
After the stone removed, follow-up is no less important is the effort to prevent a recurrence.
Recurrence rate of urinary tract stones average of 7% / year or relapsed> 50% in 10 years.
The precautionary principle is based on the content of constituent elements of rock that has
been removed. In general, the precautions that need to be done are:
1. Avoid dehydration by drinking enough, try urine output 2-3 liters per day
2. Low dietary substances / components stone formers
3. Daily activities fairly
4. Medicamentosa
Some diets are recommended to reduce the recurrence is:
1. Low protein, because the protein will stimulate urinary calcium excretion and cause the
atmosphere to become more acidic urine.
2. Low oxalate
3. Low salt because natiuresis will spur the emergence of hypercalciuria
4. Low purine
5. Low calcium is not recommended unless the absorbtif hypercalciuria type II
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