The document discusses various social, economic, and health issues facing contemporary India such as corruption, education, and healthcare. It provides statistics and examples to analyze each issue. For corruption, it discusses the impact of the 2010 2G spectrum scandal and efforts to reduce corruption through education and transparency. For education, it shows literacy rates increasing but a gender gap remaining. For healthcare, data shows improvements in access to services, immunization rates, and life expectancy but challenges remain. The government is taking steps through various policies and programs to address these problems and improve living standards in India.

1. CONTEMPORARY INDIA
Introduction:India is among the largest nations in the world and faces important
challenges as well as tremendous opportunities for the future .The
present situations of India will give thorough insights into major
issues and will familiarise participants with India's rich social,
literary and religious culture.
In this we debate the various problems faced by our country and
the programmes and policies the Government has introduced to the
people
Some of the areas that influenced the government are :(1) CORRUPTION
(2) EDUCATION
(3) HEALTH
The following are some of the live examples and graphs showing the
influence of the above factors and the policies implemented by the
Government.
(1)CORRUPTION:“Corruption is Social Evil” “Power tends to corrupt, and
absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
In its simplest sense, corruption may be defined as an act of
bribery or misuse of public position or power for the fulfilment of
selfish motives or to gain personal gratifications. It has also been
defined as “Misuse of authority as a result of consideration of
personal
gain which need not be monetary".
In recent Centuries India has earned a place among the THREE
most corrupt countries in the world. Corruption in India is a

2. consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and
criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now
become a consideration state where everything can be had for a
consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image
can be counted on fingers. At one time, bribe was paid for getting
wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done
at right time.
Live Example:The 2G scam in the year 2010 has caused a lot of damage to the
undercharging mobile telephony companies for frequency allocation
country. It was a scam involved politicians and government officials
in India illegally licenses, which they would then use to create 2G
spectrum subscriptions for cell phones. The shortfall between the
money collected and the money that the law mandated to be collected
is estimated to be 1766.45 billion as valued by the Comptroller and
Auditor General of India based on 3G and BWA.
The culprit behind this scam is Mr .Raja a politician from Tamil
Nadu working under the DMK party. Raja hit headlines for the
wrong reasons ever since he allocated license for the 2G bandwidth

3. in 2007 soon after he took over the coveted portfolio, adds PTI.
Mr .Raja has been facing criticism after he decided in 2007 to bring
in new players and give licenses and spectrum as per the existing
policy of "first-cum-first-serve" basis and rejected demands for
auctioning.
After the licenses were given January 2008 at 2001 prices of Rs.
1,658 crore, two of the telecom operators who got spectrum sold part
of the equity at much higher premium.
All the above details could lead to only one possible question
that is. Is it possible to contain corruption in our society?
Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian must strive to cure.
Many new leaders when come into power declare their
determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves
become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth.There are many
myths about corruption, which have to be exploded if we really
want to combat it. Some of these myths are: Corruption is a way of
life and nothing can be done about it. Only people from
underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. We
will have to guard against all these crude fallacies while planning
measures to fight corruption.

4. Aboutthegraph;- Its clear from the above graph that the population of
Indian citizens below Poverty line in the last few decades has
decreased by an average of 40.5% of all the people living in both
rural and urban areas.
The following steps should be considered to eradicate corruption:
Greedy business people and unscrupulous investors should stop
bribing the political elites. Political elites should stop putting their
private gains before the welfare of citizens and economic
development of their regions. Government should include a chapter
in text books related to corruption and its desire consequences.
If we do not take step forward to remove corruption from root,
the word developing country will always be attached with our
country INDIA. So we the common man are solution for removing
corruption from our INDIA and hence we will be also helpful in
making our country developed.
3 ways to reduce corruption

5. 
 The first tool is „education‟. With the help of education we can
reduce corruption. According to a survey conducted by India
today the least corrupt state is Kerala, the reason being that in
Kerala literacy rate is highest in India. So we can see how
education effects education.
 The first tool is „education‟. With the help of education we can
reduce corruption. According to a survey conducted by India
today the least corrupt state is Kerala, the reason being that in
Kerala literacy rate is highest in India. So we can see how
education effects education.
 We can reduce corruption by increasing direct contact
between government and the governed. E-governance could
help a lot towards this direction. According to act 2005
generally people should follow the procedure of law given to
then when their work is not being implemented in a proper way
in public services. This act is a great help in the order to control
corruption.

6. Aboutthegraph:- The graph says a lot about the Level of corruption
in various states compared parallel to their literacy rate
We can see that Bihar has the highest level of corruption and the
lowest literacy rate in all the Indian states,whereas on the other hand
Kerala has the lowest level of corruption and the highest literacy rate.
It looks obvious from the graph that the various states of our country
are affected differently in different ways. The Central Government of
our country is not able to access the different states equally.
From this we can say that our country has come a long way from third
world countries where corruption is very common among thepeople
.But the most important of all the question is that, Is it sufficient for a
better India?

7. (2)EDUCATION:Education in India is increasing from year to year. For example
the literacy rate in 2001 is 65.38% and raise by 11.38% in 2011 to
74.04%.the literacy rates in various states of India by 2011 are shown
in below table.
In every state, literacy rate has increased between 2001 and
2011. Bihar stands least with least literacy rate both in 2001 and 2011.
And Kerala has highest literacy rate of 93%.
The increase in literacy rates of various states from 2001 to
2011 is shown in below graph.

8. Both male and female literacy rates in India are increasing but
female literacy is not reaching male literacy rate for example see the
graph given below.
Both male and female literacy rates are very low during the
period of 1951.male literacy rate increased effectively 1951 to 2011
.but female literacy rate increased during the period of 1991 and 2001.

9. Every time there is a difference of 20% literacy rate between
male and female literacy rates.
The graph given below will show the literacy rate of male,
female and total literacy rate in India between 1901 and 2011.
AbouttheGraph:- From the above graph that female literacy rate is
very low when compared to the male and total literacy rates. The

10. reason is that parents think that there is no need of education for girls.
Awareness programs about the importance of education to girls have
to be conducted to increase female literacy rate.
Education levels have increased when compared to past years
but standards of education are not up to date. I.e. education levels are
not increasing with increase in technol.
School dropout rates are also more. The main reasons for drop
outs or not joining in schools are lack of awareness of importance
education, lack of interest either of parents or of children and not
availability of proper schooling facility and poor financial status.
Government has to check on drop outs and have to tack
measures to decrease dropout rate like promoting programs which
explain the importance of education and giving scholar ships and free
education up to some extinct. For example programs like fees
reimbursement, scholarships to poor people. If we share photos in
Facebook 1$ will be given for each photo to any foundation which
works for poor children’s education and health.
Live Example: -The scheme introduced by our Government under the
Chief Minister Dr.Y.S .Rajashekar Reddy is the FEES
REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAMME.
It allowed students (backward castes, poor) to compete in the
present educational system.
The students were made free from extra fees and are now
establishing jobs in multi-national companies.

11. (3)HEALTH:1. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
2. Percentage of births covered by skilled birth attendants
3. Life expectancy of women as a ratio of life expectancy of men
4. Age specific fertility rates of 15 to 24 years girls
Life Expectancy at Child Birth
AbouttheGraph:-The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is the
number of women who die from any cause related to or aggravated by
pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental
causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the
pregnancy, per 100,000 live births. The incidence of maternal deaths
is too rare an event to provide a robust estimate of the MMR by
sample survey method. The present estimates are available from
Sample Registration System (SRS) based studies taking into account

12. the requirement of large sample size for sub-national estimates of
MMR.
The national MMR level has come down from 327 per 100,000
live births in 1999-2001 to 212 per 100,000 live births in 2007-09,
registering a decline of 35.2% over a span of eight years.
Life risk in motherhood is gradually diminishing across the
country mainly due to promotion of reproductive healthcare facilities
through government-run programmes. From 33% deliveries attended
by skilled personnel in 1992-93, the proportion has increased to about
47% in 2005-06 and 52% by 2007-08. At this rate of change, India is
likely to attain 62% delivery attendance by skilled personnel by 2015.
Life Expectancy inthe coming years:-
About the Graph:-The above graph shows the projected values
of life expectancy in both the sexes from 2001-2025. We can see that
the life expectancy of the feminine gender is greater than that of the
masculine

13. In the coming years the life expectancy of an individual is likely
to increase due to increase in technology and production of more
efficient medicines. Life expectancy in India shows a continuous
increasing trend. From 63.8 years in 2001-2005, it has gone up to 67.3
years in 2011-2015. The life expectance of women in India is more
than that for men. It was 66.01 years in 2001-2005 for women
compared and rose to 69.6 years in 2011-2015 for women.
The Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) in India shows a
declining trend across different age-groups. The ASFR for the women
in the age-group 15-19 years was 51.1 in 2000 which has come down
to 30.7 in 2011. Similarly, ASFR for the women in the age-group 2024 years was 218.7 in 2000 which has come down to 196.7 in 2011
Child Health
1. Immunisation coverage
2. Under 5 mortality rate (U5MR)
3. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
4. Neo-natal mortality rate
Universal immunization of children against the six vaccinepreventable diseases (namely, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping
cough, tetanus, polio, and measles) is crucial to reducing infant and
child mortality. According to the guidelines developed by the World
Health Organization, children are considered fully vaccinated when
they have received a vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG), three
doses of the diphtheria, whooping cough , and tetanus (DPT) vaccine;
three doses of the poliomyelitis (polio) vaccine; and one dose of the
measles vaccine by the age of 12 months. BCG should be given at
birth or at first clinical contact, DPT and polio require three
vaccinations at approximately 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age, and measles
should be given at or soon after reaching 9 months of age.

14. Affordable Healthcare
1. Out of pocket expenditure on health as percent of total household
expenditure
2. Total government expenditure on health as a percent of GDP
3. Share of budget allocated to primary health care vis-à-vis total
health budget
4. Number of doctors per 1000 population
The country has a well-structured 3-tier public health
infrastructure, comprising Community Health Centres, Primary
Health Centres and Sub- Centres spread across rural and semi-urban
areas and tertiary medical care providing multi-speciality hospitals
and medical colleges located almost exclusively in the urban areas.
Improvements in health indicators can be attributed, in part to this
network of health infrastructure.
The General Government (Central and State Governments
combined) expenditure on health was 1.36% of the GDP in 2012-13
(budget estimate)..
Improved Hygiene and Public Health
1. Proportion of population with access to safe drinking water
2. Proportion of population having access to sanitation
3. Policies on health education
4. Prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, TB, Malaria

15. The overall proportion of households having access to improved
water sources increased from 68.2% in 1992-93 to 91.4% in 2008-09.
The urban coverage increased from 87.6% to 94% and the rural
coverage from 61.0% to 90.4% during the same period.
Live Example:One of the programs that the government of India has
introduced topeople is the 108 emergency service.1-0-8 Emergency
Response Service is a 24X7 emergency service for medical, police
and fire emergencies. The service is available for the entire state of
Andhra Pradesh ,Gujarat, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Assam,
Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh.
The main highlights are. It is a 24x7 emergency service. Toll
Free number accessible from landline or mobile Emergency help will
reach you in an average of 18 minutes. 1-0-8 is dialled for the
purposes mentioned below:
(1)To save a life

16. (2)To report a crime in progress
(3)To report a fire
Conclusion:India which was once one of the backward countries of the
world is now fighting for its place in leading counties through
implementing various policies which are improving the living
standards of its people .Many socially affecting factors like corruption
, lack of primary education are being abolished through the policies.
From this we can say that the future of India as a fact will be among
the topin all the aspects of life.