Wireless communication system presentation on TOPIC 3g(UMTS)

1. 3G UMTS
Wireless Communication

2. Group Members
• Aroosa
• Maryam
• Sheher
• Saba
Presented To
• Engr.Sadia
• Engr.Maria
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3. Outline
– Comparison of mobile generations
– Why 3G
– History
– Evolution to 3G
– 3G UMTS
– Planning
– Qualities
– Services Classifications
– Data Rates
– Infrastructure
– Frequency allocation
– Use of UMTS at the moment
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4. The Race To 3G:

5. Comparison

6. Why 3G
 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of
them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
 To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the
world
One device should be able to work anywhere !
“Access to Information from Anyplace, Anytime”
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7. History
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8. Evolution to 3G
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9. 3G UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication system
(UMTS):
– UMTS Most popular 3G wireless standard.
– UMTS is an upgrade from GPRS with much more bandwidth.
– Combines the infrastructure of the GSM network with superior
technology of the CDMA air interface.
• Builds upon the successful European GSM network
– Incorporates the developments made for the GPRS and EDGE
networks
– The 3G stand was written by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• The standard was referred to as IMT-2000
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10. 3G UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication system (UMTS)
Is a European vision of 3G.
UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS and EDGE.
Data rates for UMTS are:
•144 Kbps for rural.
•384 Kbps for urban outdoor.
•2048 Kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
New Spectrum is allocated for those technologies i.e.
2500 to 2690,1710-1885 and 806-960 MHz for UMTS
standards.

11. 3G-UMTS:
 W-CDMA is the most common radio interface for UMTS systems.
 Uses W-CDMA:
• 5MHz of bandwidth for each channel.
• Several thousand users can be supported in each cell site.
 Offers 11Mbps download speed.
 Fast power control (PC)
– Reduces the impact of channel fading and minimizes the
interference.
 Soft handover
– Improves coverage, decreases interference.
 Market share for WCDMA is growing rapidly
– More than 340 million WCDMA subscribers

12. Planning
_Worldwide positioning available
• Able to pinpoint a device and direct services to it.
• Mostly to be used for “Push” services
– Increased data rate
• Maximum 2048Kbps
– Operational
• in Europe by 2002
• Japan 2001 (this was achieved)
• Worldwide usage by 2007 (First to serve 3G Service in South Asia
in 2006)
• 3G and 4G was simultaneously launched in Pakistan on April 23,
2014
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13. Standard
– The 3G stand was written by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• The standard was referred to as IMT-2000
– The key to the standards was the available data over the
air interface
» 2Mbps in fixed or in-building environments
» 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments
» 144 kbps in wide area mobile environments

14. Parts of Standard
• Other parts of the standard
– Frequency Spectrum
– Technical Specification
– Radio and Network components
– Tariffs and Billing
– Technical Assistance
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15. Qualities of UMTS
UMTS
– Full packet driven architecture
• For voice and for data transmissions.
• Packet based networks allow for an increased amount of traffic on a
medium.
• The only time part of that medium is blocked is when a device is
transmitting or receiving.
– Consider how often in your phone calls you actually say nothing
» Natural pause between words
» Taking a breath
» Waiting for a response
» Thinking of something to say
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16. Services Classification
• UMTS
– Offers voice and data services the same as EDGE
• Services offered will be classed into one of the following
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
Real-Time Best-effort, guarantee of quality
delivery
Voice Streaming
Video
Web Pages MMS, SMS,
emails
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17. Types of Cells
•Types of Cells and Base station to use them
–Macro Cell
• These cover a large area and will give slow access
• 144 Kbps – max speed of 500 Km/h
–Micro Cell
• These should cover a medium area
• 384 Kbps max speed 120 Km/h
–Pico Cell
• Less than 100 metres
• 2 Mbps – max speed of 10 Km/h
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18. Types of cell cont.
• Types of Cells and Base station to use them
– Cells will operate in a hierarchy overlaying each other
Satellite
Macro-Cell
Micro-Cell
Urban
In-Building
Pico-Cell
Global
Suburban
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19. W-CDMA
– Operates in the same manner as the CDMA used in
the US
• CDMA allows multiple users to communicate at the same
time over the same frequency
• Each of the devices is given a “Chipping code” this is known
by the device and the base station.
• This chipping code is then used to identify the signal and
allows the BS to receive the signal
• The chipping code is used to adjust the frequency of data
transferred during the transfer
• The essential point of CDMA is the use of power control

20. W-CDMA (cont..)
• W-CDMA
– Wideband CDMA operates the same but this takes
place over a wider area of frequency
• UMTS uses 5MHz for the signal
• CDMA (narrowband) uses 200 KHz
• These communications are secure by the
nature that unless the chipping code is known, the sequence
of the data can not be known
• Communications can take place as soon as the device is
ready and frequency reuse factor is now one
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21. W-CDMA Sphere

22. Frequency Reuse Factor
– Frequency Reuse Factor
• This is the distance which needs to be left between cells
• As the same frequency is reused and the chipping code
which is used is change and unique to a BS
• The frequency can be reused in adjoining cells
• Temporary Base stations can be added to the infrastructure
if required, as long as the chipping code was unique
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23. 3G UMTS Core Network
The core network for 3G will remain the same as GSM
• GSM phase 1/2 core network elements—Mobile services switching
center (MSC), visitor location register (VLR), home location
register (HLR), authentication center (AuC), and equipment identity
register (EIR)
• GPRS network elements—Serving GPRS support node (SGSN)
and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
• UMTS-specific network elements—User equipment (UE) and
UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) elements
GSM UMTS
Mobile device/station (MS) User Equipment (UE)
Base Station (BS) Node-B
Base Station Controller (BSC) Radio Network Controller (RNC)
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24. GSM VS UMTS

25. Categories of Network Elements
• GSM phase 1/2 core network elements
Mobile services switching center (MSC), visitor location
register (VLR), home location register (HLR),
authentication center (AuC), and equipment identity
register (EIR)
• GPRS network elements—Serving GPRS support node
(SGSN) and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
• UMTS-specific network elements—User equipment (UE)
and UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)
elements

26. UMTS Infrastructure
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27. UE (User Equipment)
o USIM (UMTS Subscriber Identity Module)
is a smart card that holds the subscriber
identity, subscribed services, authentication
and encryption keys
o ME (Mobile Equipment)
is the single or multimode terminal used for
radio communication
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28. UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
o Node B
Performs the air interface processing
Can operate a group of
antennas/radios
o RNC (Radio Network Controller)
Operating role
1. RNC manage cells and base station
Serving Role
1. RNC manages radio connections
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29. CN
(CORE NETWORK)
o CIRCUIT SWITCHED:
 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
 Gateway MSC (GMSC)
o PACKED SWITCHED:
 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
o SHARED:
 Home Location Register (HLR)
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30. The Core Network
– Asynchronous Transfer Method (ATM)
• Has been defined as the core networking technology
– ATM allows circuit switched transfer of data using
packets.
– High speed data transfer – currently maximum 10
Gbps
– Guarantee of quality of service for the duration of
packet transfer
– Small packets used called cells for the transfer of
data to minimise the
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31. VHE(Virtual Home)
• Virtual Home
– As a part of the ITU standard the Virtual Home
Environment (VHE) will be supported.
– In 2G a VLR was used to allow the transfer of personal
information
– A VHE will take this one stage further
• This will provide a common look and feel interface
• This is independent of the location, connecting network and
device
• It is envisaged that this will be used on both circuit switched
and packet switched networks
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32. Handover
•UMTS will use a soft handover technique
– GSM used a hard handover technique
– In a handover the device is always attached to at
least one BS
Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B
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33. Frequency Allocation
• Use of radio frequency bands of the electromagnetic
spectrum is regulated by governments in most countries,
in a Spectrum management process known
as frequency allocation or spectrum allocation.

34. Frequency Allocation
UMTS Band :
1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G transmission.
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35. Allocated Frequencies
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36. 3G Advantages
• High-speed data transmission
• Improved voice quality
• Greater capacity
• Multi simultaneous services
• Global roaming across networks
• Improved security
• Service flexibility

37. Applications
• Wide area wireless telephone
• Mobile internet access
• Video calls
• Videoconferencing
o Computer replacement
– Blackberry
– Smart Phones
– Tablets
• Credit Card replacement

38. Uses
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39. Tele Medicine

40. Disadvantages of 3G
• Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses
• It is challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
• Expense of 3Gphones
• Lack of buy-in by 2Gmobile users for new 3G wireless
services
• Large cell phones

41. Conclusion
• 3G is an exciting new technology that is being
incorporated into mobile devices across the globe.Users
are now able to make person-to-person calls,download
data and do a variety of other tasks they never imagined
possible all via their 3G cell phones.